Sex-Dependent Choroidal Thickness Differences in Healthy Adults: A Study Based on Original and Synthesized Data

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of sex on choroidal thickness (CT) in healthy adults.

Methods: Healthy Chinese adults were recruited and complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. The choroid was imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography and the macular CT in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grids was obtained by the intrinsic automated segmentation software. CT in males and females was compared after controlling other factors. All of the published studies in PubMed were systemically tracked, and a syntheses analysis of the combined data of the present study and previous studies was performed to address this issue further.

Results: A total of 104 healthy adults were included, of whom 38 (37%) were male and 66 (63%) were female. Older age and longer axial length (AL) each were significantly associated with thinner CT. After controlling for age and AL, the foveal CT and average macular CT were 25.5 μm (95% CI: 0.5–50.4 μm) and 22.1 μm (95% CI: 2.7–41.4 μm) thicker in men than in women, respectively. Significant differences in CT between males and females were also observed in inner and outer rings after controlling for age and AL (P < 0.05). After strict screening, 15 previously reported studies were determined to be eligible for inclusion. The combination of data collected from 2821 males and 3389 females provided further evidence that the choroid is thicker in males, with a pooled mean difference of 19.5 μm (95% CI: 11.4 to 27.6) for foveal CT and 14.7 μm (95% CI: 6.8 to 22.6) for average CT.

Conclusion: Our study of Chinese subjects, along with the syntheses analysis, strengthens the evidence that CT is greater in males than in females, based on OCT measurements. This observation may be pertinent for the sex disparities in some clinical conditions related to CT.

KEYWORDS:

• Gender disparity
• choroidal thickness
• swept-source optical coherence tomography
• synthesis analysis

Disclosure statement

There are no conflicts of interest. None of the authors has financial or other conflicts of interest concerning this study.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong (2013B090200057), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371046), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hainan (ZDYF2016111). The sponsor or funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct this research.