Insight into the adsorptive mechanisms of methyl violet and reactive orange from water—a short review

Abstract

Dyes are hazardous and difficult to naturally degrade, rendering severe physiological damage to living creatures. They prevent light penetration for photosynthetic activity in water, leaving insufficient dissolve oxygen for respiration. Adsorption is widely acknowledged as an effective removal technique for dye wastewater. Advancements are continually sought to innovate adsorbents with novel features to function under optimum conditions. This mini-review highlights current scenarios on methyl violet and reactive orange 16 removal by various adsorbents. Adsorption is generally facilitated by synergistic interactions of adsorbent, dye, and adsorption environment. The properties of dyes and factors affecting adsorption are discussed to shed light on adsorptive mechanisms. The trends to exploit agricultural and industrial residues as adsorbent feedstock regenerate spent adsorbent for multiple adsorption cycles and recover pre-adsorbed dyes for other uses, support the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords:

• Adsorbent
• adsorption
• methyl violet
• reactive orange 16
• removal mechanism

Acknowledgments

ANM Faizal is grateful for the award of Zamalah Scholarship.

Author contributions

All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved the submission.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was partly funded by UTM-ICONIC Grant No. 09G54.