Relative Performance of Diploid and Triploid Catchable Rainbow Trout Stocked in Idaho Lakes and Reservoirs

Abstract

Idaho Department of Fish and Game hatcheries stock predominantly sterile triploid (3n) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to provide sportfishing opportunities while minimizing the genetic risks to wild stocks. Triploid catchable-sized rainbow trout are stocked in over 500 water bodies across Idaho annually, but there remains some uncertainty regarding the performance of triploid rainbow trout relative to their diploid (2n) counterparts. We examined the relative survival, growth, and returns of diploid and triploid all-female catchable rainbow trout across 13 lakes and reservoirs. Most reservoirs showed higher returns of 2n rainbow trout to anglers. In 2008, 3n rainbow trout returned on average at only 72% and 81% of the rates of 2n trout in gill nets and snout collection boxes, respectively, and the difference for both methods was statistically significant. Carryover of marked rainbow trout from 2008 was low or zero in most reservoirs. Where there was carryover, snout collection boxes suggested that 3n rainbow trout returned to anglers at 71% of the rate of 2n rainbow trout in the second year after planting, but the difference was not statistically significant. Triploid rainbow trout did not show any growth advantages over 2n rainbow trout but were similar in length, weight, and dressed weight. The disparity in returns between 2n and 3n trout varied across reservoirs but was more pronounced in locations subjected to greater drawdown and with greater species diversity. While 2n rainbow trout may grow and survive better in reservoirs subject to low water levels, triploid rainbow trout may perform equally well under good habitat conditions while not having genetic impacts on native stocks. These findings are rather fortuitous for fisheries managers, as triploids probably perform better in higher-quality habitats where native trout often exist, whereas diploids are better suited to reservoirs with degraded habitats where native stocks have usually been extirpated.

Received September 14, 2010; accepted May 18, 2011

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Joe Chapman, Ken Felty, David May, Ken Taylor, Tom Tighe, and Beau Gunter of the Hagerman State Hatchery staff were critical to the success of this project. We thank Rodney Duke and his staff for marking all test fish. Pete Gardner, Alan Sievers, Dennis Hardy, Dan Garren, Doug Megargle, Robert Hand, Damon Keen, Matt Kreizenbeck, and Paul Jansen helped with sampling and the snout collection boxes. Many reservists and volunteers contributed by checking and maintaining snout collection boxes across the state. Funding for this project was provided in part by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. Dan Schill and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable critiques of this manuscript in preparation for publication.