Arsenic content and distribution pattern in Chinese coals

Abstract

About 500 samples of coal, pyritic coal balls, pyritic gangue and coal seam gangue were collected from different coal basins and geologic periods of coal formation to determine the arsenic (As) content and distribution pattern in China. The Permian-Carboniferous and Jurassic coals in the North China Plate and Northwest China account for nearly 85% of total Chinese coal reserves and data showed that As content ranged from 0.1 to 94 mg kg⁻¹, with the majority between 1 and 14.9 mg kg⁻¹. The As content of some Late Permian coals in Southwest Guizhou Province and stone coal in the South Qinling Mountain area were exceedingly high (30–534 mg kg⁻¹), but the majority of coal in the Southwest Guizhou Province contained low to medium amounts. Only the coals, which are situated in or near igneous rocks and are not considered a part of Chinese coal reserves, possessed unusually high As content (>30 mg kg⁻¹). Arsenic was also concentrated in pyritic coal balls and the pyritic gangue of the coal seam with values ranging from 21.5 to 142.46 mg kg⁻¹ and an average of 69 mg kg⁻¹ in Shaanxi and 78 mg kg⁻¹ in Shandong. Arsenic contents in coal gangue in the Northwest and North China Plate is about 0.2–15 mg kg⁻¹, a little lower than coals in the same seam. Washing gangue (waste from coal washing) generally contained more As than coal, because the washed gangue has more pyrite than the natural gangue (black shale). Washing coal reduced the content of the pyritic sulfur, heavy metals and As. Based on amounts of coal used with different As content in Chinese coal reserves, the average As content of Chinese coals is about 4.5 mg kg⁻¹.

Keywords:

• Coal
• arsenic
• pyrite
• gangue
• China
• potential exploration

Acknowledgements

The authors express their heartfelt thanks to GAO B.L., the exclusive engineer of Liaoyuan Coal Mine of Hancheng Mining Bureau. We also thank the staff of the Xiangshan and Magouqu Coal Mine, Shaanxi, the staff of the Xishan and Datong Coal Mine, Shanxi, the staff of the Pingyin Coal Mine, Shandong. We would also like to thank Mr. Wei Bingren and Wang Biyu, Director of the Hancheng Coal Mining Bureau and several students of the Geology Department of Xi’an University of Science & Technology who participated in the project, for their valuable help in collecting the coal samples. The Chinese National Key Project (Grant No. G1999022212-02) – “The Heavy Metal Content and Distribution in Chinese Coal”– supported this study. Other supports came from the Knowledge Innovation Foundation of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SJ10G-A01-03).