Effect of using white noise, embracing and facilitated tucking on pain during heel lance blood sampling in newborns

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare the effect of using white noise, embracing, and facilitated tucking on heel lance blood sampling in newborns. The study was a randomized controlled trial. Newborns totalling 160 were included in the study. The primary outcomes were evaluated pain and crying durations before, during, and after the procedure. The secondary outcomes were evaluated as physiological changes before, during, and after the procedure. The crying durations during and after the heel lance blood sampling were found significantly lower in the newborns in the embracing group compared to those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The average NIPS score of the newborns who were embraced by their mothers during (3.67 ± 2.76) and after (1.55 ± 2.6) heel lance blood sampling was found significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). Maternal embracing during and after the heel lance blood sampling procedure may be effective in reducing crying duration and pain level in newborns.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04837326.

KEYWORDS:

• Newborn
• heel lance
• non-pharmacologic methods
• pain management

Acknowledgements

This article was based on the master’s degree thesis of Arzu Çantaş Ayar under the supervision of İlknur Kahriman. The authors thank the newborn and mohhers who agreed to participate in this study for their contribution. All the authors drafted the article or critically revised it for intellectual content.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Arzu Çantaş Ayar

Arzu Çantaş Ayar, MSc, RN, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.

İlknur Kahriman

İlknur Kahriman, PhD, RN, Associate Prof. Dr. Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Trabzon, Turkey.

Dilek Küçük Alemdar

Dilek Küçük Alemdar, PhD, RN, Associate Prof. Dr. Ordu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Ordu, Turkey.

Yavuz Özoran

Yavuz Özoran, Professor Dr. PhD, MD, Avrasya Üniversitesi, Vice Rector, Trabzon, Turkey.