Risk factors of poor sleep quality in older adults: an analysis based on comprehensive geriatric assessment

Abstract

Objectives

Sleep quality is associated with many diseases and conditions that affect individuals’ health in various ways. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality and common geriatric conditions in older adults.

Methods

The study included 237 older adults admitted to the geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), European Quality of Life (EQ-5D), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires, Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment (TBGA), and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were performed on the participants.

Results

Participants had a mean age of 72.2 ± 6.3 years, and 146 (61.6%) of them had poor sleep quality. Of the participants, 61.2% were female. In the poor sleep quality group, GDS and BAI scores were higher while ADL, IADL, MNA, and EQ-5D index scores were lower. PSQI score had a negative correlation with ADL (r = −.207, p = .01), EQ-5D index (r = −.372, p = .00), MNA (r = −.277, p = .00), and TBGA (r = −.263, p = .41) scores and a positive correlation with GDS (r = .426, p = .00) and BAI (r = .450, p = .00) scores according to the results of correlation analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and higher GDS and BAI scores were independent variables for poor sleep quality [(p = .48, OR = 1.92; p = .20, OR = 1.11; and p <.01, OR = 1.11, respectively)].

Conclusions

We found that DM and depressive and anxiety symptoms were the risks of poor sleep quality. In addition, participants with poor sleep quality had a worse quality-of-life and nutritional status. Improving sleep quality may be helpful in the management of geriatric syndromes and that sleep quality assessment should be part of CGA.

Keywords:

• Sleep quality
• geriatric assessment
• depression
• anxiety
• diabetes

Transparency

Declaration of funding

This paper was not funded.

Declaration of financial/other relationships

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Sencer Ganidağlı, Ercüment Ozturk, and Zeynel Abidin Ozturk. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sencer Ganidağlı and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

None

Data availability statement 

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.