There is a need for new systemic sclerosis subset criteria. A content analytic approach

Abstract

Objectives. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is heterogenous. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the purpose, strengths and limitations of existing SSc subset criteria, and identify ideas among experts about subsets.

Methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews with randomly sampled international SSc experts. The interview transcripts underwent an iterative process with text deconstructed to single thought units until a saturated conceptual framework with coding was achieved and respondent occurrence tabulated. Serial cross-referential analyses of clusters were developed.

Results. Thirty experts from 13 countries were included; 67% were male, 63% were from Europe and 37% from North America; median experience of 22.5 years, with a median of 55 new SSc patients annually. Three thematic clusters regarding subsetting were identified: research and communication; management; and prognosis (prediction of internal organ involvement, survival). The strength of the limited/diffuse system was its ease of use, however 10% stated this system had marginal value. Shortcomings of the diffuse/limited classification were the risk of misclassification, predictions/generalizations did not always hold true, and that the elbow or knee threshold was arbitrary. Eighty-seven percent use more than 2 subsets including: SSc sine scleroderma, overlap conditions, antibody-determined subsets, speed of progression, and age of onset (juvenile, elderly).

Conclusions. We have synthesized an international view of the construct of SSc subsets in the modern era. We found a number of factors underlying the construct of SSc subsets. Considerations for the next phase include rate of change and hierarchal clustering (e.g. limited/diffuse, then by antibodies).

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a grant from the World Scleroderma Foundation and the National Scleroderma Foundation (USA). Dr. Johnson is supported by an Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Early Researcher Award; the Oscar and Eleanor Markovitz fund for Scleroderma Research and the Freda Fejer Fund for Scleroderma Research.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the World Scleroderma Foundation;National Scleroderma Foundation (US);