ABSTRACT
A combined list of additions to previously published checklists of helminth and protozoan parasites of terrestrial mammals and birds in New Zealand is provided. These additions include a total of 21 new host parasite records (11 helminth, 10 protozoan) from 12 mammalian hosts and 82 new records (26 helminth, 56 protozoan) from 43 birds.
Introduction
Checklists of helminth and protozoan parasites of terrestrial mammals and birds in New Zealand were last updated in 2009 and 2010, respectively (McKenna Citation2009a, Citation2010). Since then, a number of new parasite records have been found. This communication, which should be read in conjunction with the aforementioned checklists, documents these new records for both types of hosts. As in the previous publications, it includes only those parasites identified to at least the generic level and is divided into two parts. In both parts, and as applicable, the parasite listings are divided into the major groups of Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Protozoa. For the sake of completeness, and in accordance with the previous lists, the latter group also includes such non-protozoans as Mycoplasma and Pneumocystis. In the first part, the parasites are listed alphabetically under the common name of the host, and in the second according to parasite. To make it easier to find a particular host, and to ensure similar type hosts are grouped together in Part 1, the host names are presented as ‘Rat, Norway’ or ‘Duck, grey’ rather than the more conventional ‘Norway rat’ or ‘Grey duck’ format used in the second part of the document. Finally, in keeping with the previously updated versions of these checklists (available from the author on request), each new parasite record in Part 1 is supported by a reference.
Part 1. Parasite list by host
Part 2. Parasite list by parasite
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
References
- Alley MR. 2011. Wildlife disease surveillance. Surveillance. 38:23–25.
- Alley MR, Buckle K. 2015. Wildlife disease surveillance. Surveillance. 42:22–25.
- Alley MR, Hale KA, Cash W, Ha HJ, Howe L. 2010. Concurrent avian malaria and avipox virus in translocated South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus). New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 58:218–223. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2010.68868
- Alley MR, Van Amdel M, Tana T. 2014. Wildlife disease surveillance. Surveillance. 41:24–27.
- Anonymous. 2009. Quarterly review of diagnostic cases—April to June 2009, gribbles veterinary pathology. Surveillance. 36:13–16.
- Anonymous. 2011. Quarterly review of diagnostic cases: January to March 2011, Gribbles Veterinary Pathology. Surveillance. 38:25–31.
- Anonymous. 2017. Quarterly review of diagnostic cases—January to March 2017, SVS Laboratories. Surveillance. 44:4–5.
- Bingham P. 2009. Mycoplama spumans confirmed. In Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 36:21–7.
- Bingham P. 2010. Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 37:30–40.
- Bingham P. 2011. Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 38:33–44.
- Bingham P. 2013. Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 40:14–19.
- Bingham P. 2014. Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 41:34–39.
- Bingham P. 2015. Unusual coccidia in deer confirmed. In: Quarterly report of investigations of suspected exotic diseases. Surveillance. 42:18–22.
- Blasco-Costa I, Poulin R, Presswell B. 2016. Species of Apatemon Szidat, 1928 and Australapetemon Sudarikov, 1959 (Trematoda: Strigeidae) from New Zealand: linking and characterising life cycle stages with morphology and molecules. Parasitology Research. 115:271–289. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4744-0
- Buckle K, Draper J, Humphrey S, Hunter S. 2013. First isolation in New Zealand of Mycoplasma lipofaciens, from the lung of a Fiordland crested penguin/tawaki with pneumonia. Surveillance. 40:5–7.
- Cloutier A, Mills YA, Yarrall JW, Baker AJ. 2011. Plasmodium infections of red-billed gulls (Larus scopulinus) show associations with host condition but not reproductive performance. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 41:261–277. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2011.559662
- Dwyer C, Pomroy W, Gedye K, Dittmer K, Roe K, Aberdein D, Adlington B, Dann H, Wehrne A. 2014. Trichostrongylus askivali—a new record for alpacas in New Zealand. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Parasitology: Abstracts of Papers and Posters Presented at the 42nd Conference, Wellington.
- Georgieva S, Blasco-Costa I, Kostadinova A. 2017. Molecular characterisation of four echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from birds in New Zealand, with descriptions of Echinostoma novaezealandense n. sp. and Echinoparyphium poulini n. sp. Systematic Parasitology. 94:477–497. doi: 10.1007/s11230-017-9712-x
- Hernandez-Orts JS, Smales LR, Pinacho-Pinacho CD, Garcia-Varela M, Presswell B. 2017. Novel morphological and molecular data for Corynosoma hannae Zdzitowiecki, 1984 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from teleosts, fish-eating birds and pinnipeds from New Zealand. Parasitology International. 66:905–916. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.10.007
- Hoskin SO, Wilson PR, Barry TN, Charleston WAG, Waghorn GC. 2000. Effect of forage legumes containing condensed tannins on lungworm (Dictyocaulus sp.) and gastrointestinal parasitism in young red deer (Cervus elaphus). Research in Veterinary Science. 68:223–230. doi: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0366
- Howe L, Castro I, Schoener ER, Hunter S, Barraclough RK, Alley MR. 2012. Malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.) infecting introduced, native and endemic New Zealand birds. Parasitology Research. 110:913–923. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2577-z
- Howe L, Hunter S, Burrows E, Hardcastle M, Roe W. 2013. Four cases of fatal toxoplasmosis in three species of endemic New Zealand birds. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Parasitology: Abstracts of Papers and Posters Presented at the 41st Conference, Palmerston North.
- Hunter SA, Alley MR. 2014. Toxoplasmosis in wild birds in New Zealand. Kokako. 21:58–59.
- Hunter SA, Alley MR, Kay EE. 2016. Further confirmed cases of avian malaria in South Island penguins. Kokako. 33:10–11.
- Learmonth JJ, Ionas G, Ebbett KA, Kwan ES. 2004. Genetic characterization and transmission cycles of Cryptosporidium species isolated from humans in New Zealand. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70:3973–3978. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.7.3973-3978.2004
- MacPherson N, Lodder R. 2017. Mycoplasma bovis found in New Zealand. Vetscript. 30:10–11.
- McDonald W. 2015. Animal health laboratory. Surveillance. 42:10–15.
- McKenna PB. 2009a. An updated checklist of helminth and protozoan parasites of terrestrial mammals in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 36:89–113. doi: 10.1080/03014220909510145
- McKenna PB. 2009b. Register of new host–parasite records. Surveillance. 36:14–15.
- McKenna PB. 2010. An updated checklist of helminth and protozoan parasites of birds in New Zealand. Webmedcentral Parasitology. 1(9):1–26.
- McKenna PB. 2017. New host–parasite records for New Zealand. Vetscript. 30:46–48.
- Morgan KJ, Castro I, Lopez-Villalobos N, Pomroy WE, Alley MR, Gartrell BD, Hunter S, Howe L. 2014. Prevalence of and risk factors for coccidiosis in kiwi between 1977 and 2011. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 62:315–320. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2014.932657
- Morgan KJ, Pomroy WE, Howe L, Alley MR, Castro I. 2017. Description of four new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeridae) from brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli, in New Zealand. Parasitology Research. 116:1433–1441. doi: 10.1007/s00436-017-5414-1
- Moriarty EM, Karki N, Mackenzie M, Sinton LW, Wood DR, Gilpin BJ. 2011. Faecal indicators and pathogens in selected New Zealand waterfowl. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 45:679–688. doi: 10.1080/00288330.2011.578653
- Osnas EE, Lively CM. 2011. Using definitive host faeces to infect experimental intermediate host populations: waterfowl hosts for New Zealand trematodes. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 38:83–90. doi: 10.1080/03014223.2010.528779
- Paparini A, McInnes LM, Di Placido D, Mackereth G, Tompkins DM, Clough R, Ryan UM, Irwin PJ. 2014. Piroplasms of New Zealand seabirds. Parasitology Research. 113:4407–4414. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-4118-z
- Presswell B, Blasco-Costa I, Kostadinova A. 2014. Two new species of Maritrema Nicoll, 1907 (Digenea: Microphallidae) from New Zealand: morphological and molecular characterisation. Parasitology Research. 113:1641–1656. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3809-9
- Presswell B, Garcia-Varela M, Smales LR. 2017. Morphological and molecular characterization of two new species of Andracantha (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from New Zealand shags (Phalacrocoracidae) and penguins with a key to the species. Journal of Helminthology. 1–12. doi:10.1017/S0022149X17001067.
- Presswell B, Lagrue C. 2016. Assessing parasite infections from avian faecal samples: the old methods are still the best. Notornis. 63:32–36.
- Schoener E, Castro I, Alley MR, Waters L. 2011. Gastrointestinal parasites of New Zealand native songbirds. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 38:121.
- Schoener ER, Alley MR, Howe L, Charleston T, Castro I. 2012. Helminths in endemic, native and introduced passerines in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 39:245–256. doi: 10.1080/03014223.2012.676992
- Schöner ER, Alley MR, Castro I. 2011. Coccidian parasites in native passerine birds in New Zealand. Kokako. 18:1–13.
- Sijbranda D, Howe L, Gartrell B. 2013. Avian malaria in New Zealand robins (Petroica australis) and other passerines in the Waimarino forest. 41st meeting of the New Zealand Society for Parasitology, October.
- Sijbranda DC, Campbell J, Gartrell BD, Howe L. 2016. Avian malaria in introduced, native and endemic New Zealand bird species in a mixed ecosystem. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 40:72–79. doi: 10.20417/nzjecol.40.8
- Skuballa J, Taraschewski H, Petney TN, Pfaffle M, Smales LR. 2010. The avian acanthocephalan Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus (Palaeacanthocephala) parasitizing the European hedgdehog Erinaceus europaeus in Europe and New Zealand. Parasitology Research. 106:431–437. doi: 10.1007/s00436-009-1681-9
- Smales L, Skuballa J, Taraschewski H, Petney T, Pfaffle M. 2010. An immature polymorphid acanthocephalan from a European hedgehog (Erinaceidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 37:185–188. doi: 10.1080/03014223.2010.488788
- Tapia-Escarate D, Pomroy W, Scott I, Mackintosh C, Willson P, Bissett S, Lopez-Villalobos N. 2015. Gastrointestinal nematodes in deer—summary of a PhD programme. Proceedings of the Society of Sheep and Beef Veterinarians of the NZVA and Cervetec Conference. 309:85–89.