Poverty reduction strategy papers: Now who calls the shots?

Abstract

This paper argues that Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) can be understood as a technology of ‘social control’, which seeks to shape domestic political space. Despite widespread recognition that the World Bank and the IMF continue to impose orthodox policy conditions on debt relief and loans to African countries, many suggest the requirement in PRSPs for civil society ‘participation’ introduces a progressive element that could, in time, subvert the logic of coercion. In contrast, this paper suggests that it is precisely through participation that international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and bilateral donors are working with the IFIs** to secure ever more intimate supervision of African political communities. Thus, if the answer to Hanlon's (1991) rhetorical question ‘who calls the shots?’ under structural adjustment was ‘the IFIs’, the answer under PRSPs is ‘an uneasy coalition of NGOs, donors and the IFIs’. These groups share an agenda of securing consent to liberal systems of political and economic management. Through the PRSP and related processes they divide the labour required to manufacture consent, seeking to build ‘reform coalitions’ by transforming the objectives and nature of states, bureaucracies, social and political movements and, at their most ambitious, populations. In the process they imperil African sovereignty, self-determination and hopes for substantive democracy.

** Editor's Note: International financial institutions (IFIs) are public banks, using taxpayer money to invest in countries outside their borders, often in the name of fostering economic development, at home or abroad. Many of these IFIs are also large backers of fossil fuel projects around the world. They include both multilateral and bilateral development banks and export credit agencies.

Acknowledgments

This paper is based on research submitted as a Master's dissertation to SOAS in 2002. The author is grateful to Tom Young, Miles Larmer, Liz Moor, John Pender and all at Action for Southern Africa for support with the initial research. It was then presented to the ROAPE Annual Conference in Birmingham, 2003. The paper was updated following the conference with further useful comments provided by David Williams, Rita Abrahamsen, Giles Mohan and two anonymous readers.

Notes

** Editor's Note: International financial institutions (IFIs) are public banks, using taxpayer money to invest in countries outside their borders, often in the name of fostering economic development, at home or abroad. Many of these IFIs are also large backers of fossil fuel projects around the world. They include both multilateral and bilateral development banks and export credit agencies.