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Articles

Was privatisation necessary and did it work? The case of South Africa

Pages 243-260 | Published online: 02 Jul 2012
 

Abstract

‘Why structural adjustment is necessary and why it doesn't work’ published by Gavin Williams in ROAPE in 1994, highlighted the paradoxical nature of structural adjustment policies. Drawing on Williams's insights, this article examines the adoption and outcome of privatisation policies in South Africa from 1994 to 2010. The paper makes two claims that reinforce Williams's earlier arguments. First, privatisation was central to the effort by the post-apartheid government to secure a marriage between the state and capital through the expansion of black ownership. Yet, second, concerns over employment equity, preferential procurement, and unemployment forced the state to depend on parastatals after the turn of the century and in doing so, to abandon the privatisation of state assets. State-owned enterprises have now become an integral component of the state's developmental project in South Africa.

[Est-ce que la privatisation était nécessaire et a-elle fonctionné ? Le cas de l'Afrique du Sud]. « Pourquoi l'adaptation structurelle est-elle nécessaire et pourquoi cela ne fonctionne pass », publié par Gavin Williams dans ROAPE en 1994, souligna le caractère paradoxal des politiques d'ajustement structurel. S'appuyant sur les idées de Williams, cet article analyse l'adoption et les résultats des politiques de privatisation en Afrique du sud de 1994 à 2010. Le document émet deux demandes qui renforcent les arguments antérieurs de Williams. Tout d'abord, la privatisation était au centre de l'effort consenti par le gouvernement postapartheid afin de garantir un lien entre l'État et le capital grâce à l'extension de la propriété noire. Cependant, en second lieu, les préoccupations concernant l'équité sur l'emploi, les marchés préférentiels et le chômage obligèrent l'État à dépendre des sociétés paraétatiques à la fin du siècle et, ce faisant, de renoncer à la privatisation des actifs de l'État. Les entreprises d'État sont à présent devenues une partie intégrante du projet de développement de l'État en Afrique du Sud.

Mots-clés : le néolibéralisme ; la privatisation ; l'état de développement ; l'Afrique du Sud

Notes

In addition to individual articles, ROAPE had several issues in the early 1990s devoted to the effects of structural adjustment, see especially issues in 1990 and 1994.

See especially contributions by Ben Fine, Anthony Butler, Kenneth Creamer, Simon Roberts, Karl von Holdt and Sam Moyo in Edigheji Citation(2010).

Interview Tembakazi Mnyaka, deputy president, Black Management Forum, Johannesburg, 6 December 2009.

With respect to electricity, many of the poorest rural households are off the grid, hence are not covered by the provision of free electricity (see Anti-privatisation Forum / Earthlife Africa Johannesburg Citation2008).

Several union officials I interviewed found investment companies to be problematic for the labour movement although they also recognised that some had delivered benefits for members, for example, Interviews Petrus Mashishi, former president, South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU), Johannesburg, 9 December 2009 and Jane Barrett, Policy Research Office, South Africa Transport and Allied Workers Union (SATAWU), Johannesburg, 8 December 2009.

Author visit to Waterfall City, 11 July 2011.

Interview Patrick Craven, national spokesperson, COSATU, Johannesburg, 9 December 2009.

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