The White Rhodesians: Settlers, or Expatriates?

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Notes

¹ For further discussion on ‘Muscular Christianity’ see J.J. Macaloon (ed.), Muscular Christianity and the Colonial and Post-colonial World (London, Routledge, 2007).

² In the Rhodesian context this ‘anxiety’ was known as Black Peril. See J. McCulloch, Black Peril, White Virtue: Sexual Crime in Southern Rhodesia (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2000).

³ P. Godwin and I. Hancock, Rhodesians Never Die, The Impact of War and Political Change on White Rhodesia c.1970–1980 (Oxford, NY, Oxford University Press, 1993).

⁴ I. Phimister, An Economic and Social History of Zimbabwe 1890–1948 Capital Accumulation and Class Struggle (London, Longman, 1988).

⁵ The principal aim of the Homecraft Movement was for white women to teach black women European cooking, hygiene and childcare methods, with the obvious implication that such an approach was superior to indigenous practices. Consequently, by taking domesticity as their commonality, the groups allowed the interaction of both races of women to an extent not seen before in colonial Zimbabwe. See for instance M.O. West, The Rise of An African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe 1895–1965 (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2002).