The MDC-T's (Un)Seeing Eye in Zimbabwe's 2013 Harmonised Elections: A Technical Knockout

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Notes

¹ Personal communication with Tendai Biti, 1 July 2013, Harare.

² Submission by a member of the technical team, 2 July 2013, Groombridge, Harare.

³ Nelson Chamisa's conversations with the technical team, 2 July 2013, Groombridge, Harare.

⁴ Morgan Tsvangirai's conversations with the technical team, 2 July 2013, Groombridge, Harare.

⁵Ibid.

⁶ See Section 10.9.1 (b) of the MDC-T Constitution.

⁷ See Section 9.9 (h) of the MDC -T Constitution.

⁸ Personal observations, 6 July 2013, Rudhaka Stadium, Marondera.

⁹ I developed personal and social networks between 2000 and 2008 when I was an active campaigner for pro-poor policies, good governance and democratisation in the country. My position resonated with the MDC-T's programmatic ideals, hence sometimes we would partner in campaigning on areas of mutual interest, and this developed trust. In 2012, I also advised the MDC-T on party building, a process that entrenched trust. The party granted me access as an outsider but it also benefited from my occasional independent feedback on the campaign. I was barred from attending some meetings on internal party issues as an outsider, but I had the advantage of being able to carry out interviews with party members to understand the ongoing dynamics.

¹⁰ For election results and a general discussion thereof see Brian Raftopoulos in this issue.

¹¹ Tsvangirai's rally address, 13 July 2013, Sakubva Stadium, Mutare.

¹² Tsvangirai's rally address, 14 July 2013, Mucheke Stadium, Masvingo.

¹³ See P. Alexander, ‘Zimbabwean workers, the MDC and the 2000 election’, Review of African Political Economy, 27, 2, (2000), pp. 385–406.

¹⁴ Tsvangirai's rally address, 9 July 2013, Rushinga, Mashonaland Central.

¹⁵ Biti's rally address, 13 July 2013, Sakubva, Mutare.

¹⁶ Elizabeth Tsvangirai's rally address, 28 July 2013, Chitungwiza.

¹⁷ Chamisa's rally address, 28 July 2013, Chitungwiza.

¹⁸ Chamisa's conversations with the technical team, 20 July 2013, White City Stadium, Bulawayo.

¹⁹ Personal communication with Chamisa, Ruwa, 5 July 2013.

²⁰ Tsvangirai's rally address, 28 July 2013, Chitungwiza.

²¹ See, T. Ranger, ‘Historiography, Patriotic History and the History of the Nation: The Struggle Over the Past in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 30, 2 (2004), pp. 215–34.

²² See B-M. Tendi, ‘Patriotic History and Public Intellectuals Critical of Power’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 34, 2 (2008), pp. 379–96.

²³ Personal communication with senior party official, July 2013, Pandari Lodge, Harare.

²⁴ Tendi, ‘Patriotic History’, p. 396; B. Raftopolous, ‘Reflections on Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe: The Politics of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)’, in B. Raftopoulos and K. Alexander (eds), Reflections on Democratic Politics in Zimbabwe (Cape Town, Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, 2006).

²⁵ Personal observations, 9 July 2013, Rushinga, Mashonaland Central.

²⁶ Personal observations, 9 July 2013, Madziwa, Mashonaland Central.

²⁷ Conversation with shop owner, 23 July 2013, Mutoko Business Centre, Mashonaland East.

²⁸ P. Zamchiya, ‘Pre-Electoral Detectors: ZANU PF's Attempt to Reclaim Political Hegemon’ (Research Report, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2013).

²⁹ A. Simpser, Why Governments and Parties Manipulate Elections: Theory, Practice and Implications (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 156.

³⁰ Chamisa's rally address, 28 July 2013, Chitungwiza.

³¹ Themes based on a summary of interviews carried out by the author, June–September 2013.

³² Petition highlighting irregularities in Chitungwiza South constituency primaries.

³³ Zimbabwe Election Commission (ZEC)'s official candidate list for the 31 July 2013 harmonised elections.

³⁴Ibid.

³⁵ Interview with senior MDC-T official, 25 July 2013, Harare.

³⁶Ibid.

³⁷Ibid.

³⁸Ibid.

³⁹ Personal communication with an official in the Ministry of Finance, 1 July 2013.

⁴⁰Ibid.

⁴¹Ibid.

⁴² Interview with Charlton Hwende, 27 July 2013, Chegutu.

⁴³ Personal observations, 29 July 2013, Freedom Square, Harare.

⁴⁴Ibid.

⁴⁵ Personal communication with Chamisa, 29 July 2013, Harare.

⁴⁶ Personal observations, 6–29 July 2013, Zimbabwe.

⁴⁷ Personal communication with Lovemore Madhuku, 29 July 2013, Harare.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Phillan Zamchiya

Phillan ZamchiyaDepartment of International Development, University of Oxford, 3 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TB, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected]