Abstract
This article is a tutorial review of piezoelectric immunosensors and their application to environmental monitoring.
The basic theory and historical developments of piezoelectricity are introduced. The development of piezoelectric sensors and eventually immunosensors for the specific detection of analytes of environmental importance are mentioned. The various assay formats and their advantages as well as examples of the different approaches taken by different analysers are also mentioned. Current developments within this laboratory on the development of piezoelectric immunosensors for the detection of okadaic acid and microcystin-LR are briefly introduced. The major drawbacks of piezoelectric immunosensors and their potential future are also discussed.