Abstract
Gene expression patterns are efficient tools to elucidate responses to hormones as well as endocrine disruptors at the molecular level. Male zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2). Transcriptome analysis was first carried out by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the gene coding for vitellogenin (vtg1) in relation to the housekeeping gene ef1α. A significant increase in the expression of vtg1 was found at concentrations >100 ng L−1 E2. Then DNA microarray experiments were performed to examine the expression levels of the zebrafish genome. A total of 210 sequences were regulated in male zebrafish exposed to 500 ng L−1 E2. They include genes involved in the estrogen pathway, such as the gene coding for the estrogen receptor, and in embryonic development, such as homeo box genes. A complete list of up- and down-regulated genes and sequences is provided in this article.
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Acknowledgement
We are indebted to the EU for supporting the EDEN project (Endocrine disrupters: Exploring Novel Endpoints, Exposure, Low-Dose and Mixture-Effects in Humans, Aquatic Wildlife and Laboratory Animals). Furthermore we would like to thank the Lehrstuhl fuer Tierhygiene at the TU Munich for inviting us to use the LightCycler.