Simultaneous determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sewage sludge by slurry introduction ICP-OES method

Abstract

In order to evaluate the slurry nebulisation method as an alternative method for analysis of sewage sludge, the metal content of sludge samples of different origins was determined. The concentrations of six elements: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by introducing the sludge as a slurry into an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Calibration was performed by using aqueous standard solutions. For comparison, the sewage sludge was also digested by microwave digestion and introduced into the plasma as an aqueous solution. The accuracy of the method was checked by analysing a sewage sludge certified reference material (CRM 007-040 Sewage Sludge). The Student's t-test showed that values obtained using slurry nebulisation were close to the certified values at a 95% confidence level. The values of elements Cd 11.1 ± 0.8; Cr 37.7 ± 3.3; Cu 563.3 ± 38.4; Pb 119.2 ± 10.1; Zn 729 ± 68.2 mg kg⁻¹ obtained using this method were comparable with those obtained using the conventional method. The slurry method can, therefore, be successfully applied to the determination of content of each element in sewage sludge with RSD less than 3%, without the need to predissolve them. This could avoid the use of hazardous chemicals, incomplete dissolution and loss of volatile analytes.

Keywords:

• slurry introduction
• ICP-OES
• sewage sludge
• metals

Acknowledgement

This work was financially supported by grant KBN 1TO9D 057 30.