Development of graphene-carbon nanotube-coated magnetic nanocomposite as an efficient sorbent for HPLC determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples

ABSTRACT

A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with UV (HPLC-UV) was proposed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) at trace levels in environmental water samples. The ternary nanocomposite of graphene-carbon nanotube-Fe₃O₄ (G-CNT-Fe₃O₄) has been synthesised via a simple solvothermal process and the resultant material was characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Significant factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as amount of magnetic nanocomposite, extraction time, ionic strength, solution pH and desorption conditions were carefully investigated. The results demonstrated that the proposed method had a wide dynamic linear range (0.005–200 ng mL⁻¹), good linearity (R² = 0.9955–0.9996) and low detection limits (1.4–11 pg mL⁻¹). High enrichment factors were achieved ranging from 930 to 1510. The results show that the developed method is suitable for trace level monitoring of OPPs in environmental water samples.

KEYWORDS:

• Graphene-carbon nanotube-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite
• magnetic solid-phase extraction
• organophosphorus pesticides
• environmental water samples

Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University [grant number 401/287].