Direct determination of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with amperometric detection

ABSTRACT

A promising alternative to ion-chromatographic methods currently used for the direct determination of hydrazines is provided by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). In this work, we propose a method for the simultaneous determination of hydrazine, methylhydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in natural waters and soils based on a combination of chromatographic separation on a zwitterionic sulfobetaine stationary phase (Nucleodur HILIC) in the HILIC mode with amperometric detection.

Effects of different factors on the retention of analytes were studied and the optimum conditions of analysis were found. We recommend a mixture of acetonitrile with an aqueous phosphate buffer solution of pH 2.5 (78:22 v/v) with an ionic strength of 20 mM as a mobile phase. Detection in the direct current mode was performed at a working electrode potential of 1.1 V.

The advantages of the method are the high efficiency of separation, rapidity, high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range of analyte concentrations, covering four orders of magnitude. The attained LOD values for analytes lie in the range 0.07–0.13 μg L^–1, which is two orders of magnitude lower than those in currently used methods of ion chromatography with electrochemical and mass spectrometric detection.

The method was validated on samples of natural waters of different origin using the added–found technique. It was found that the error of analysis did not exceed 10% for river and ground waters and increased to 20–30% for peat bog surface waters.

The possibility of application of the developed method to the analysis of soils was shown on samples of peat bog soils selected at places of impact of the first steps of carrier rockets and polluted by rocket fuel based on 1,1-dimethylhydrazine.

KEYWORDS:

• Hydrazines
• rocket fuel
• hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
• HILIC
• amperometric detection

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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Additional information

Funding

This work was performed using instrumentation of the Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’ under financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (method development, [Grant Number 16-33-60159-mol-a-dk]) and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (expedition works and soil analysis, state assignment project no. 4.2518.2017).