Supramolecular-based solvent microextraction of carbaryl in water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography determination

ABSTRACT

In this study, a simple, rapid, low cost, sensitive and environmentally friendly technique, supramolecular solvent microextraction (SM-SME) followed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet has been proposed to extract carbaryl from water samples. Parameters, affecting the SM-SME performance such as the weight of decanoic acid (DeA), volume of tetrahydrofuran (THF), pH and salt concentration, were studied and optimised. The effect of the pH on the extraction efficiency was evaluated by one–factor-at-a-time methodology, but the other variables were optimised by a face-centred cube central composite design methodology. Optimum extraction conditions were obtained: DeA: 70 mg; THF: 650 µL; salt concentration: 10% (w/v) NaCl and pH = 2–4), and the performance of the proposed method was evaluated. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity (1.0–500 µg L⁻¹, r² = 0.9994) was obtained. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.3–1.0 µg L⁻¹, respectively. Also, the recoveries of the carbaryl were obtained in the ranged from 96% to 105%. Finally, proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the carbaryl in the water samples of farms run-off and rivers and satisfactory results were obtained.

KEYWORDS:

• Supramolecular solvent microextraction
• supramolecular solvent
• carbaryl
• experimental design
• water sample
• high performance liquid chromatography

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.