Veterinary antimicrobials and antiparasitics in fee-fishing ponds: analytical method and occurrence^*

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to develop and validate a method using online solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to determine residues of 22 veterinary drugs including sulfonamides, amphenicols, fluoroquinolones, benzimidazoles, trimethoprim (TMP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in water from fee-fishing ponds. The optimal analytical conditions were as follows: XBridge C8 SPE column, Acquity UPLC CSH C18 analytical column, sample loading with water:methanol (98:2, v/v), mobile phase of water with 0.1% acetic acid:methanol (with gradient elution) and eluent flow rate of 0.3 mL min⁻¹. Quantification was performed in selected reaction monitoring mode and sulfadimethoxine-d₆, ciprofloxacin-d₈, florfenicol-d₃ and albendazole-d₃ were used as internal standards. Water samples collected from 11 fee-fishing ponds showed the presence of residues of FF (0.42–0.74 µg L⁻¹), albendazole (0.05–0.31 µg L⁻¹) and thiabendazole (0.45 µg L⁻¹). Thiamphenicol and TMP were detected at concentrations lower than the limits of quantification of the method (0.1 and 0.001 µg L⁻¹, respectively).

KEYWORDS:

• Veterinary drugs in water
• online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS
• fee-fishing ponds
• environmental matrices
• recreational fishing

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil. .

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary material

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Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grants #2013/09543-7, #2014/50951-4 and #2018/03571-2) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grants #141440/2016-3, #465768/2014-8 and #301737/2017-7).