Carbofuran: analytical methods and its determination in natural water samples by flow injection DPA(III)–H₂SO₄ chemiluminescence

ABSTRACT

This study proposes, a simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent (CL) method for determination of carbofuran based on diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA)-sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) reaction coupled with flow injection (FI) methodology. Under optimum conditions, a linear standard curve is achieved in the range of 0.001–8.0 mg L^–1 (R²= 0.9994 (n = 11) with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.4–3.7% (n = 4)), a limit of detection (LOD) 5.0 × 10^–4 mg L^–1 (S/N = 3) and injection throughput 180 h^–1. The proposed method was applied satisfactorily for the analysis of carbofuran in freshwater samples using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique with the recoveries of 94–110% (% RSD = 1.7–3.8, n = 4). A possible CL reaction mechanism has also been discussed briefly.

KEYWORDS:

• Diperiodatoargentate(III)
• carbofuran
• chemiluminescence
• flow injection analysis
• natural waters

Acknowledgments

The University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan would be acknowledged for providing laboratory facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.