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Original Articles

Bismuth triggered selective colorimetric naked-eye detection for oxalate ions based on bromopyrogallol red that works as a molecular keypad lock

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Pages 648-667 | Received 19 Jul 2019, Accepted 17 Sep 2019, Published online: 21 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

A novel colorimetric probe based on the bromopyrogallol red (BPR) for the sequential detection of Bi3+ and C2O42− was designed. The presence of Bi3+ led to a distinct naked-eye colour change in DMSO/H2O (1:3, v/v) media. The detection limit of BPR for Bi3+ was down to nanomolar concentration (1.17 nmol L−1). Also, the sensing ability of BPR for Bi3+ was successfully carried out in bismuth tablet and urine sample. Moreover, the resulting BPR-Bi3+ complex acted as an efficient colorimetric chemosensor for C2O42− via a colour change. Therefore, chemosensor BPR-Bi3+ can illustrate the ability to determine C2O42- up to 0.15 µmol L−1, selectively. Notably, the absorbance changes of BPR upon the addition of Bi3+ and C2O42− were utilised as AND and NAND logic gates operating at the molecular level with Bi3+and C2O42− as chemical inputs and the absorbance signal as the output. The chemical inputs of Bi3+ and C2O42- in a sequential system produce an output which mimics the operation of a security keypad lock. This study provides a practical application for the sensing of C2O42− ions in vegetable and urine samples by the construction of the supramolecular system.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the support of this work by Payame Noor University Research council.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary material

Supplementary data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

The authors wish to acknowledge the support of this work by Shiraz Payame Noor University Research council with grant IDs d/7/47416 and Layout code 3146.

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