Evaluation of PAHs, PM_2.5 and gaseous emissions from solid fuel direct-fired and cross-draft stoves

ABSTRACT

In order to know the influence of combustion conditions on the emission level of PAHs, this paper presents the research conducted by using biomass, Shenmu coal and 1:1 co-fuel (coal and biomass) incombustion during ignition, high-power heating, low-power heating and cooking through direct-fired and cross-draft stoves, respectively. The thermal efficiency of different fuel compositions and the release of gaseous pollutants, including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the two stoves under the mentioned four conditions were compared. However, the emissions of gaseous pollutants from the cross-draft stove had found to be less were lower than the emissions from the direct-fired stove. Among the four combustion conditions, the highest concentration of PAHs was emitted during the ignition phase whereas the lowest concentration of the PAHs was generated and emitted during the high-power phase. Between the three types of solid fuel combustion, pure biomass emitted the most PAHs whereas Shenmu coal released the lowest concentration of PAHs. The PAHs ring number distribution of the three fuels under four combustion conditions were medium and low molecular weight PAHs.

KEYWORDS:

• Direct-fired & cross-draft stove
• biofuel
• indoor combustion
• particulate matter
• polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Highlights

• Effect of stove and fuel types on emission performances and thermal efficiency.

• Fuel combustion successfully tested in four different combustion phases.

• Emission factors of PAHs, PM_2.5 and gaseous emissions have been determined.

• Effect of co-fuel and the operating conditions on emission factors was established.

• The importance of stove types on increasing thermal efficiency was determined.

Acknowledgments

Agricultural Product Quality Inspection Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, China, Agricultural Industry Standard Development Project - “Determination method of major atmosphere pollutants from rural household stoves” (No. 181721301092371112); Project of Hebei Energy Conservation Inspection and Monitoring Center - “Assessment on the effect of clean space heating replacement in Hebei Province”; and Investigation on South-South Cooperation in Climate Change through Clean Stove Alliance, sponsored by Ministry of Ecology and Environment and Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21 (No. 0201835).

We also appreciate the support from the Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing Municipal Key Discipline of Biomass Engineering; and Beijing Kunhe Environment Technology, Co., Ltd.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [51806242; 41942006]; the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [2019TC010].