Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in potato and related products in Tehran: a health risk assessment study

ABSTRACT

The present study was performed to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and health risk in potato and related products (raw potato, fries potato, charcoal-grilled potato, gas-grilled potato, boiled potato and industrial potato chips) using the MSPE technique (magnetic solid phase extraction) and GC/MS method (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The results exhibited that the median of 16 PAHs was 10.63 µg/kg. Also, the median level of BaP (Benzo[a]pyrene) in samples was 0.07 µg/kg, which was less than standard level of the European Commission (maximum level of BaP in vegetables is 1 and in dried herbs is 10 μg/kg). The highest and lowest median level of ƩPAHs were evaluated in potato chips (19.28 μg/kg) and raw potatoes (6.31 μg/kg), respectively. The simulation of Monte Carlo used to estimate the indexes of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR). This results showed the rank order of the index of CDI according to percentile 95% was Nap > Ace > Acy > Ph > Fla > An > Chr > B(k)F > B(a)P. The cancer risk assessment exhibited PAHs in samples did not pose a serious concern to humans (ILCR<10⁻⁶), which were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily (10 ng/kg bw day⁻¹).

KEYWORDS:

• BaP (Benzo[a]pyrene)
• chips
• kinds of cooking method
• magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE)
• gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Acknowledgments

The study project was supported by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.

Consent to participate

All authors participated in this work.

Consent to publish

All authors agree to publish.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Disclosure statement

The authors of this article state there is no competitive interest.

Ethical approval

‘This study does not involve any human or animal testing’ or “This study was approved by the Tehran University of Medical Science.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2022.2100258.

Additional information

Funding

The present study not used any financial support.