Titanium dioxide effect on the decolourisation of organic dyes Remazol Black B using electrocoagulation in situ-Fe₂O₃

ABSTRACT

In this research, combination of TiO₂ pillared clay with electrocoagulation in situ-Fe₂O₃ provides excellent performance to remove dyes water waste Remazol Black B(RBB). The best TiO₂:clay ratio is 1:6, with highest degradation performance 89.8% in 30 minutes photodegradation process under UV light 254 nm. The excellent performance of pillared clay causes mesoporous pore that can be achieved by pillarisation of the clay layer using titanium dioxide sol which was made by diluting TiCl₄ in ethanol solution. Besides, the excellent electrocoagulation performance was conducted by dual compartment system using 10ppm of RBB in the alkaline system containing 1 g NaCl as an electrolyte at potential apply+6 V with 98% degradation efficiency in 3 hours running compared to the 78% in single compartment system towards the formation of in situ-Fe₂O₃ that is directly driven by formation of intermediate species Fe(OH)₃. This optimum decolourisation efficiency was gained at 0.1 A, pH 7.2 and 2 cm of inter-electrode distance. The power consumption was very low with the excellent and fast degradation performance towards organic dyes Remazol Black B, where this tandem cell can produce 100 mL clean water using 0.0052 kWh energy with cheaper cost operation.

KEYWORDS:

• Photodegradation of titanium dioxide
• electrocoagulation in situ-Fe₂O₃
• pillared clay
• Remazol Black B
• decolourisation

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Hibah Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) Ristekdikti RI 2018, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education Indonesia, and Dr. Isnaini Rahmawati, Munawar Khalil, PhD., Prof. Dr. Ivandini Tribidasari Anggraningrum., Vanya Fahira Dharmawan, S.Si., Hanzhola Gusman Riyanto, M.Si., and Mochamad Arfin Fardiansyah Nasution, M.Si. that give our research team advice for this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contribution

Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Project administration, Writing-review & editing origin draft.; Diki Prabowo Atan and Galih Aditya Mahendra Putra Writing, review, and editing.; Didik Setiyo Widodo Resources, Investigation, Writing, and review.

Nomenclature

aq	=	Aqueous solution
concentration i	=	initial concentration
concentration a	=	after process concentration
hours	=	time unit
i	=	current unit
kWh	=	power unit
P	=	power
pH	=	acidic value
ppm	=	concentration
s	=	solid material
s	=	time unit
t	=	time
min	=	time unit
g	=	gas
in situ	=	in site (direct activity/direct synthesise)
V	=	potential unit
watt	=	electrical power unit

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia [1020/B3.1/KM/2018].