Green ferrites nanoparticles synthesis using Aloe vera and watermelon rinds: their applications as sorbents in the purification of direct golden yellow RL dye wastewater

ABSTRACT

The sorbents Ni-Cu-FNP’s, Ni-Zn-FNP’s, Mn-FNP’s, and Zn-FNP’s were synthesised and utilised for the removal of Direct Golden Yellow RL dye. The optimum pH for the adsorption of direct golden yellow RL dye was 4, and 3 having the sorption capacities of 32.56, 30.44, 34.39, and 36.91 mgg⁻¹ for Ni-Cu-FNP’s, Ni-Zn-FNP’s at 45 min and Mn-FNP’s, Zn-FNP’s at 60 min respectively with the optimum dosage of 0.05 g/50 mL. The maximum sorption capacities were 39.08 (Ni-Cu-FNP’s), 35.08 (Ni-Zn-FNP’s), 42.93 (Mn-FNP’s), and 44.22 mg/g (Zn-FNP’s) at 40°C, 37°C, 44°C, and 44°C respectively and the reduction observed in the sorption capacity by raising the temperature, showed that the process is exothermic The optimal initial concentration of dyes for all the sorbents having the maximum sorption capacities of 54.30 mg/g (Ni-Cu-FNP’s), 51.25 mg/g (Ni-Zn-FNP’s), 63.45 mg/g (Mn-FNP’s), and 66.35 mg/g (Zn-FNP’s) were 75, 100, 100, and 75 mg/L respectively to get maximal acidic dyes adsorption. Langmuir equilibrium isotherm for sorption showed good fitness on the data obtained by sorption while the pseudo-2^nd-order proved good fitness on kinetic data of experiments. Surfactants, detergents, and different molar solutions of electrolytes (NaCl and AlCl₃) decreased the sorption capabilities of the sorbents for the selected dye.

KEYWORDS:

• Bioferrites
• kinetic
• isotherm
• thermodynamic parameters
• desorption

Acknowledgments

Authors wish to thank their parental institutes for providing the necessary facilities to accomplish the present research work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contribution statement

Ayesha Amanullah: Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing- original draft, Resources, Saima Noreen: Supervision, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Ruba Munir: Formal analysis, acquisition of data, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Muhammad Yaseen: Analysis, Writing-review& editing, Muhammad Yasin Naz: Formal analysis, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Shazia Shukrullah: Formal analysis, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Muhammad Zeeshan Bashir : analysis and interpretation, Writing-review & editing, Amna Muneer: Statistical analysis, interpretation of data, Writing-review & editing,

Consent for publication

All authors have read and approved this manuscript.

Ethical approval

Research does not involve Human Participants or/and Animals.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2215165.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any funding.