Bisphenol a (BPA) emitted from food cans: an evaluation of the effects of dry heating, boiling, storage period, and food type on migration and its potential impact on human health

ABSTRACT

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the main pollutants associated with food hygiene. This study evaluates the health risk of BPA migrated from the inner wall of canned food to its contents. For this purpose, a total of 120 samples of 5 different types of canned food, including tuna fish, oil, beans, tomato paste, and eggplant, were randomly selected from the market of Kermanshah. BPA was analysed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) along with gas chromatography equipped with single quadrupole mass detection (GC-MS). Finally, the results were analysed statistically, and the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient for BPA from consuming 5 varieties of canned food among Iranian consumers were calculated using formulas and functions related to health risk assessment. The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean concentration of BPA in various canned foods. Generally, boiling and dry heating processes, as well as increasing the storage time above 6 months, cause a significant increase in BPA migration from the inner wall of the can into the canned food. Lastly, it can be concluded that the consumption of each canned food, both separately and simultaneously, is safe in creating non-carcinogenic health risks associated with BPA (HQ < 1). Furthermore, the amount of BPA released cannot harm Iranian consumers’ health since the initial amount of BPA in analysed canned food was low, even after boiling and heating processes for 20 minutes to destroy the botulinum toxin.

KEYWORDS:

• Bisphenol A
• canned food
• boiling
• dry heating
• health risk
• food health

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledged their financial support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials. This study does not contain supplementary materials; any data and results are included in the article file. All the findings from this study are presented in the file of this published article (https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2228701).

Author’s contribution

Kiomars Sharafi: conceptualisation, methodology, writing, review & editing. Amir Kiani: supervision and visualisation. Tooraj Massahi: writing-original draft. Hamed Biglari: writing-original draft. Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh: writing-original draft. Jalil Jaafari: writing-original draft. Nazir Fattahi: analysis and interpretation of results. Abdullah Khalid Omer: conceptualisation, methodology, writing, review & editing. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

Elite Researcher Grant Committee supported research reported in this publication under award number [996551] from the National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran,Iran.