Photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals and organic dyes in the presence of silver-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst–A critical review

ABSTRACT

Water pollution, which is produced especially by pharmaceutical waste and organic dyes that are discharged into waterbodies without being properly treated, is now becoming a greater hazard to aquatic species and ecosystems. Various approaches have previously been used to degrade organic dyes and pharmaceutical waste. Advanced oxidation method, notably titanium dioxide doped with semiconductors like silver, has significant advantages over conventional systems. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism is briefly explored. The effectiveness of silver-doped titanium dioxide for the demineralisation of medicines as well as for different types of dyes has been reviewed along with various factors affecting photocatalytic reactions.

KEYWORDS:

• Photocatalysis
• pharmaceuticals
• azo dyes
• semiconductors
• doping

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).