Determination of α-Naphthol and β-Naphthol in water samples by capillary electrophoresis coupled with large volume sample stacking

ABSTRACT

A simple, fast, and efficient on-line pre-concentration based on large volume sample stacking (LVSS-CE) was developed for the determination of α-Naphthol, and β-Naphthol (α-NAP and β-NAP) in complex matrices. Parameters that affect the analytical performance of LVSS were systematically optimised using a Box-Behnken design (injection time, pre-concentration time, and voltage of reverse polarity). Under the optimal conditions of injection time (180 s), pre-concentration time (180 s), and voltage of reverse polarity (−6 kV), the sensitivity was improved 25.9 and 38.8-fold for α-NAP and β-NAP in comparison to CE-UV. The detection limits for α-NAP and β-NAP were 6.56 and 4.63 µg L⁻¹, and the method was successfully applied in drinking and tap water samples with recoveries from 92.98 to 97.46 with RSD less than 10.00% in all cases.

KEYWORDS:

• α-Naphthol
• β-Naphthol
• capillary electrophoresis
• large volume sample stacking
• on-line pre-concentration

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT) (SNII distinction as research membership and scholarships) for the financial support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the manuscript.