Determination of radon concentration in bottled drinking water of Dhaka City

ABSTRACT

Among all natural radiation sources, exposure to radon (²²²Rn) is considered as the most hazardous to human health. Recognizing the significance of water in preserving a healthy life style, assessing the ²²²Rn activity in drinking water is crucial. The ²²²Rn activity concentration was measured in 20 different branded bottled drinking waters purchased from Dhaka city using both alpha and gamma-ray spectrometry systems. Activity concentrations of ²²²Rn in bottled water obtained via RAD7 detector varied from 0.1 ± 0.02 Bq/L to 0.42 ± 0.01 Bq/L with an average value of 0.26 ± 0.02, while the value varied from 0.12 ± 0.01 Bq/L to 0.52 ± 0.31 Bq/L with an average value of 0.29 ± 0.09 by HPGe detector. The obtained results show lower concentrations when compared with other studies around the world as well as the US-EPA reference level of 11.1 Bq l⁻¹ or 300 pCi l⁻¹. The total annual effective dose calculated for different age groups and internal organ doses were found below the action level recommended by WHO (0.1 mSv y⁻¹) and ICRP (3–10 mSv y⁻¹), due to ²²²Rn, ³H and ⁴⁰K in drinking water. Based on the obtained radon concentration and concomitant dose values, this study suggested negligible health hazards due to the consumption of bottled drinking water in Bangladesh. The results of this study could serve as a reference data for future studies in the area and beyond.

KEYWORDS:

• ²²²Rn
• bottled water
• HPGe
• RAD7
• health hazard
• Dhaka city

Acknowledgments

The authors are very thankful to the staff of the Health Physics Division of Atomic Energy centre Dhaka and also the staff of the Department of Physics of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology for their cooperation.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).