We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Avian Pathology, have retracted the following article:
Sajid Umar, Maxence Delverdier, Mattias Delpont, Sakhia F.Z. Belkasmi, Angélique Teillaud, Céline Bleuart, Isabelle Pardo, Mohammed EL Houadfi, Jean-Luc Guérin & Mariette F. Ducatez ‘Co-infection of turkeys with Escherichia coli (O78) and H6N1 avian influenza virus’ (47:3, 2018) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03079457.2018.1449942
Qamar-un-Nisa, Muhammad Younus, Muti-ur-Rehman, Azhar Maqbool and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological Alterations during Co-Infection of Newcastle Disease Virus with Escherichia coli in Broiler Chicken. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2), pp 401–797, DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.495.503
Shahid Jaleel, Muhammad Younus, Asif Idrees, Muhammad Arshad, Aman Ullah Khan, Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque, Muhammad Irfan Zaheer, Muhammad Tanweer, Farhan Towakal, Munibullah, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Muhammad Luqman Sohail and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological alterations in respiratory system during co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (H9N2) and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(3), pp 253–258, DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0035
D. E. Swayne, M. D. Ficken &J ames S. Guy. 1992. Immunohistochemical demonstration of influenza A nucleoprotein in lungs of turkeys with natural and experimental influenza respiratory disease. Avian Pathology. 21(4), pp 547–557, DOI: 10.1080/03079459208418876
The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.