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Notes
Dr Júlia Papp is an historian of art at the University Library of Budapest, Hungary, and a senior member of the Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Office of Academy‐Supported Research Groups Affiliated with Universities and Other Institutions.
E. H. Waterbolk, ‘Viglius of Aytta, sixteenth century map collector’, Imago Mundi (1977): 45–48; J. B. Harley, ‘The map collection of William Cecil, First Baron Burghley 1520–98’, The Map Collector no 3 (1978): 12–19; R. A. Skelton, Maps: A Historical Survey of Their Study and Collecting (Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1972), 44.
See, for example, Isabelle Laboulais‐Lesage, ‘Reading a vision of space: the geographical map collection of Charles‐Etienne Coquebert de Montbret (1755–1831)’, Imago Mundi 56:1 (2004): 48–66.
Ruthardt Oehme, Die Geschichte der Kartographie des deutschen Südwestens (Konstanz and Stuttgart, Thorbecke, 1961); C. Koeman, Collections of Map and Atlases in the Netherlands (Leiden, Brill, 1961). For aspects of the intellectual climate of the Enlightenment see, for example, David N. Livingstone and Charles W. J. Withers, eds., Geography and Enlightenment (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999); and Charles W. J. Withers, ‘The social nature of map making in the Scottish Enlightenment, c.1682–c.1832’, Imago Mundi 54 (2002): 46–66.
Pieter van der Aa, Catalogue de livres, de cartes géographiques, des villes, chateau … (Leyden, 1729); Caspar Gottschling, Versuch von einer Historie der Land‐Charten (Halle, 1711); Johann Hübner, Museum Geographicum oder Verzeichniss der besten Landcharten (Leipzig, 1712; Hamburg, 1726, 1746); Johann Gottfried Gregorii (Gregorius), Curieuse Gedanken von den vornemsten und accuratesten alten und neuen Land‐Charten (Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig, 1713); Eberhard David Hauber, Versuch einer umständlichen Historie der Landcharten (Ulm, 1724). Antiquarians, book publishers and scientists often worked together; science was not so specialized as it later became. Johann Baptist Homann, the Nuremberg mapmaker, compiled his Atlas methodicus (1719) according to the plans of the Protestant teacher and poet Johann Hübner: see Markus Heinz, ‘A programme for map publishing: the Homann firm in the 18th century’, Imago Mundi 49 (1997): 104–15; and ‘Auserlesene und allerneueste Landkarten’, in Der Verlag Homann in Nürnberg 1702–1848 (exhibition catalogue), ed. Michael Diefenbacher, Markus Heinz and Ruth Bach‐Damaskinos (Nuremberg, Stadtarchiv and Stadtmuseum Fembohaus, 2002).
Rezső Milleker, ‘Moll B. Atlas Hungaricus‐a’ [B. Moll's Atlas Hungaricus], Földrajzi Közlemények 61 (1933): 82–87; Ferenc Fodor, A magyar térképírás. I [Hungarian map making] (Budapest, Honvéd Térképészeti Intézet, 1952), 115, 437; Mapová sbírka B. P. Molla v Universitní Knihovnĕ v Brnĕ (Prague, Státni Pedagogické Nakladatelství, 1959) (with a German translation of Karel Kuchař's study, ‘Die Moll'sche Sammlung in der Brünner Universitätsbibliothek’, 83–151).
The maps of Switzerland can be found in two volumes in Moll's Atlas Germanicus: Helvetia pars I–II.
Friedrich Vockel, one of Moll's heirs, supplied the figures for Moll's collection in the inventory (Übersicht) made in 1794; information in the inventory also shows that 502 sheets with 852 maps and views mounted on them have since disappeared. Vockel's inventory is now in the Moravian Library, Brno, with the rest of Moll's collection (pressmark 90900). All the sheets on which maps are mounted are large, measuring up to 66 by 58 centimetres, which means that there was often room for more than one map or view per sheet (outsize maps were folded to fit). The way that different kinds of material (maps, separate plans, plans on maps, views, inscriptions), are mixed together makes it difficult to arrive at a total for cartographical items alone. Pending greater analysis, the following comparative data may be of interest: Vockel's inventory of 1794 listed 11,777 prints (Druck) (with 10,999 enumerated in 1956); 1,052 manuscript works (978 in 1956); 7,966 sheets on which maps were placed (7,461 in 1956). The 1956 figures are from Mapová sbírka B. P. Molla (see Footnotenote 5), 84–85.
See <http://www.memoria.cz/engine/manuscriptorium.cgi>. The collection in Brno is regularly consulted by map historians. The following recent Hungarian publications refer to maps that can be found in the Moll collection in Brno: Tibor Szathmáry, Descriptio Hungariae: Magyarország és Erdély nyomtatott térképei 1477–1600 [Printed Maps of Hungary and Transylvania 1477–1600] (Fusignano, Grafiche Morandi, 1987), 9; Lajos Szántai, Atlas Hungaricus: Magyarország nyomtatott térképei 1528–1850 [Atlas Hungaricus: Printed Maps of Hungary 1528–1850], 2 vols. (Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó 1996); Lajos Szántai, ‘Magyarország városképes térképmetszetei, 1626–1850’ [Map engravings with views of Hungary], Cartographica Hungarica, no. 5 (December, 1996), 40. A recently published Hungarian book which mentions the Moll collection but not its individual maps is Gergely Tóth and Enikő Török, Magyarország első történelmi atlasza: Tomka Szászky János. 1751 [The first historical map of Hungary: János Tomka Szászky, 1751] (Budapest, Képzőművészeti Kiadó, 2004), 8.
The catalogue to three of the four volumes covering Hungary were later published as ‘Atlas des Bernhards von Moll Ungrischer Atlas, der sowohl gestochenen, als gezeichneten Landkarten, Plane, und Prospecte von dem Königreiche Ungern, und der demselben theils ehedem, theils ist noch einverleibten Länder’, in Ungrisches Magazin (hereafter UM), 1781: 318–52, 392–403; 1782: 90–110, 318–34; 1783: 118–23, 464–78; 1787: 106–20.
‘This fortress is demolished’ (UM, 1782: 330).
Francisco Ernesto Bruckmann, Magnalia Dei in locis subterraneis oder unterirdische Schatz‐Kammer aller Königreiche und Länder … (Braunschweig, 1727; Wolffenbüttel, 1730); Edward Browne, A brief account of some travels in Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, Austria … (London, 1673), published in German as Durch Niederland, Teutschland, Hungarn, Serbien, Bulgarien … gethane gantz sonderbare Reisen … nunmehr … in die Hoch‐Teutsche übersetzet … (Nuremberg, Johann Zieger, 1686). Browne drew noteworthy buildings during his trip to Hungary. See György Kurucz, Guide to Documents and Manuscripts in Great Britain Relating to the Kingdom of Hungary form the Earliest Times to 1800 (London and New York, Mansell, 1992), 15.
Atlas Austriacus, Kartonband VII, VIII; Katalogband VI.
Zsigmund Bubics, Magyarországi várak és városoknak a M. N. Múzeum könyvtárában létező fa‐ és rézmetszetei [Woodcuts and Engravings of Hungarian Castles and Towns in the Library of the Hungarian National Museum] (Budapest, 1880).
Béla Szalai, Magyar városok, várak, falvak metszeteken, 1515–1800. I. kötet: A mai Magyarország [Hungarian Towns, Castles and Villages on Prints, 1515–1800, Volume 1: Present‐Day Hungary] (Budapest, Szalai, 2001). György Rózsa, ‘Die Typologie als Methode der Bearbeitung der alten ungarischen Veduten’, in Lüneburger Beiträge zur Vedutenforschung, ed. Eckhard Jäger (Lüneburg, Verlag Nordostdeutschen Kulturwerk, 1983), 45–52.
In Chapter 8 of Volume 4 in the Atlas Hungaricus Moll listed 289 town views, citing the seven publications he used, and under each publication he systematized the towns alphabetically. He also mentioned most of these views in Volumes 1 to 3 of the Atlas Hungaricus, where towns and their views are set out by county.
For Sambucus's map, see Robert W. Karrow, Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps (Chicago, Speculum Orbis Press, for The Newberry Library, 1993), 462–63.
He accepted, however, that in the 17th century it had often been difficult to make an accurate military sketch in the field, especially in territories under Turkish rule. He also acknowledged that some authors simply borrowed from other publications.
‘Cremnitzer Bergwerk. Ein halber Bogen, aus Bruckmanns Magnal. Tom. 2. p. 962. ist aus Browns Reisen. p.m. 177’ (UM 1782: 92). See Footnotenote 11 for the Bruckmann and Browne publications.
Browne, Durch Niederland … (see Footnotenote 11), 177–79; the illustration in question is in Part 2, Tab. XXXV, and the original engraver was Daniel Wussim.
‘Explanation of the battle which took place between Lugos and Czena on the 4th of July in 1738. A sheet of paper. Miserable piece, and totally incorrect’ (UM 1783: 119).
‘[They] are made very clearly’ (Chapter 8 of Volume 4 in Johann Christoph Deccard's copy of Atlas Hungaricus, 183v (see Footnotenote 23 below)).
‘Royal sheet, half sheet, quarter sheet, half page, ⅛ page, ¼ page’.
Deccard's copy of the catalogue of the Atlas Hungaricus was brought to Pest in 1802 and deposited in the newly founded National Széchényi Library, Budapest (765 Fol. Germ).
‘Atlas des Bernhards von Moll’ (see Footnotenote 9).
On Kéler, see Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, ed. Constant V. Wurzbach (Wien, 1864), 11: 137–38.
UM (1781): 320–21: Part One: general maps of the old and present‐day Hungary; Part Two: general and local maps; Part Three: maps of Bosnia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Slovenia and Serbia; Part Four: maps of Transylvania, Moldova, the principality of Wallachia, Bessarabia and Bulgaria and an alphabetical list of views and plans of towns, castles and fortresses of Hungary.
Favourable comments had come from Germany. For example, in 1760 Bernardinus Erber, a Jesuit scientist working on the topography of Bohemia, expressed his gratitude to Moll for showing him his collection, which he said he found most useful. See Bernardinus Erber's map on Bohemia, one of the many illustrations in his book Notitia Illustris Regni Bohemiae, geographica et chorographica … (Vienna, Typis Josephi Kurtzböck, Universitatis Typographi, 1760); the reference to Moll's map collection is on page 44. We do not know if Erber himself presented Moll with any of his maps, but a number of the provincial maps of Bohemia from the Notitia—Provincia Beraunensis and Provincia Boleslaviensis, for example—are found in volume 21 of the Atlas Austriacus, among the maps and views of Bohemia. Moll's Austrian and Hungarian maps were apparently noted in the 1748 issue Nürnberger Kosmographischen Gesellschaft, but I have been unable to verify this. An abstract of the article is given on page 88 of the 1959 edition of Moll's Catalogue (Mapová sbírka B. P. Molla (see Footnotenote 5)).
Since the catalogue to the fourth volume was never published, it seems appropriate to give its full title: Atlantis Hungarici, Tomus IV. Hungariae Regnum Königreich Hungarn. Viertel Theil. Zur Krone Hungarn … diesem gezeichnete u. theils noch darzu gehörige Länder Transylvania, Moldawia, Walachia, Bessarabia, Bulgaria. Gualdo Priorato, Count Galeazzo, Historia di Leopoldo Cesare (Vienna, 1670–1674). Georg Krekwitz, Totius Principatus Transylvaniae accurata Descriptio: Das ist ausführliche Beschreibung des gantzen Fürstenthumbs Siebenbürgen (Nuremberg, 1688).
‘Berg Wercke in dem Fürstenthum Siebenbürgen’ [Mines in the Transilvanian Principality].
‘Alphabetical list … of prospects and plans of towns, castles, and fortresses of Hungary’.
Gabriel Bodenehr, Europens Pracht und Macht … (Augsburg, 1720); Gabriel Bodenehr, Force d'Europe … (Augsburg, 1720); A. E. Burchkard von Birckenstein, Ertz‐Herzogliche Handgriffe … (Vienna, 1686, 1731); D. Meisner, Sciagraphia Cosmica … (Nuremberg, 1637–1638, reissued 1678); Neue ungarische und Siebenbürgische Chronik (Frankfurt, Johann Baptist Schönvetter, 1664); M. Zeiler, Hungaria oder vollständige Beschreibung des gantzen Königreichs Ungarn … (Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1690); J. G. Schwandtner, Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum veteres ac genuini … (Vienna, 1746–1748).
Sigismund von Birken, Der Donau‐Strand … (Nuremberg, 1664); Willhelm Dillich, Ungarische Chronica … (Cassel, 1600); Johann Christoph Wagner, Delineatio provinciarum Pannoniae et imperii Turcici in Oriente, 3 vols. (Augsburg, 1684–1686); Wilhelm Peter Zimmermann and Samuel Dilbaum, Eikonographia aller deren Ungarischer Staett, Voestungen, Castellen und Haeuser … (Augsburg, 1604).
Moll's catalogue note on Mathias Bél refers to him as an erudite scientist who had done great service to the Fatherland (‘der um sein Vaterland ungemein verdiente, und gründlich gelehrte Herr Mathias Bél'): see Deccard's manuscript copy of the Atlas Hungaricus, vol. 2, Section 1, 48v, and UM 1781: 397. In Moll's collection there are eight maps of Hungary made by Tomka‐Szászky. See Szántai, Atlas Hungaricus (Footnotenote 8), 2: 620–22.
Johann Mathias Korabinsky, Beschreibung der königl. ungarischen Haupt‐ Frey‐ und Krönungsstadt Pressburg (Pressburg, [1781]), 1: 17–21. See Rózsa, ‘Die Typologie als Methode der Bearbeitung der alten ungarischen Veduten’ (Footnotenote 14), 45.
E. D. Hauber's work mentioned above (see Footnotenote 4) was the most valuable among the earlier. See Ruthardt Oehme, Eberhard David Hauber (1695–1765): Ein schwäbisches Gelehrtenleben (Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1976).