Characterizing the evolution of the Yangtze River Delta multi-port system using compositional data techniques

ABSTRACT

The Yangtze River Delta multi-port system (YMPS) receives increasing attention due to its relevance in world trade and excellent competitiveness in the container traffic market. To insight into the development pattern of YMPS, this paper proposes a method that combines the Hierarchical Clustering with compositional data (CoDa) exploratory tools (i.e., biplot and dendrogram) to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the YMPS from 1992 to 2019. CoDa describes parts of some whole (i.e., frequency and percentage), conveying relative information in the ratios between its components. Container traffic share in a multi-port region is typical CoDa. Traditional statistical approaches to CoDa could lead to spurious correlations and erroneous conclusions. However, using suitable CoDa techniques, such as the centered log-ratio (clr) transformation, can effectively avoid these misinterpretations. The novel method can simultaneously find the temporal and spatial characteristics. The findings indicate that the development of the YMPS has gone through four stages and the evolution of the YMPS is characterized by a tendency towards a ‘multi-core development’ and faces a differentiated pattern of ‘peripheral port challenges’. The analysis further improves the port system’s evolutionary model and explains the underlying reason for the YMPS development. CoDa techniques also provide a new perspective for the temporal and spatial evolution of the transport discipline.

KEYWORDS:

• Yangtze River Delta multi-port system
• compositional data
• concentration indexes
• Hierarchical Clustering

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments on this paper. Their comments significantly increased the quality of this paper. I also sincerely thank Prof. Zhongzhen Yang for his valuable comments and suggestions.

Author’s statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Characterizing the evolution of the Yangtze River Delta multi-port system using Compositional Data techniques’ presented at the 3^rd Conference of the Yangtze-River Research and Innovation Belt (Y-RIB) in Ningbo, China on November 5^th-7^th, 2020. We have copyright permission to publish this manuscript in Maritime Policy & Management.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under project Methods for Compositional analysis of Data (CODAMET) [grant number RTI2018-095518-B-C22, 2019-2021] and 111 Project [grant number D21013].