https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-5625
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ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on the analysis of the COVID-19 effects on passenger shipping in Danish waters as an example and aims to analyse the differences in passenger vessel activities and emissions before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Two sets of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data for the passenger ships sailing in Danish waters associated with the whole year respectively for 2020 and 2019 are used for a comprehensive evaluation of the passenger shipping activities in the region by means of the analysis of variance and bottom-up emission models. A comparison of those results based on the two datasets shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on cruise ships, with a significant reduction in the number of ships, average speed, and average draught. In contrast, the pandemic has a smaller impact on ferry-pax only and ferry-ro pax vessels. The effects can also be seen from the fact that, after the COVID-19 outbreak, SOx emissions from cruise ships, ferry-pax only and ferry-ro pax vessels were reduced by 50.71%, 0.51% and 0.82%, respectively. This investigation provides an important reference for policy makers in the marine environment sector.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Statement
This article is a revised and greatly expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Effects of the Coronavirus disease (CoVID-19) on cruise ships: Evidence from the Danish Water’, which was presented at the International Conference on Energy, Environment and Storage of Energy, 19-21 November 2020, Kayseri, Turkey.