The same course, different access: the digital divide between urban and rural distance education students in South Africa

ABSTRACT

Access to education is a significant determinant in future success, not only for a country but equally for individuals. Higher Education (HE) thus is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals and vital in supporting African development. Despite this, there is often a lack of access to HE in many parts of Africa, distance education can subsequently play an important role in increasing access to education by providing materials online. Even though institutions such as the University of South Africa, a provider of Open Distance Learning (ODL), can open access to HE for many marginalised and peripheral communities, we cannot separate access to ODL education from the debate of access to ICTs. Students in urban areas have a significantly different educational experience to students with poor ICT access in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. This paper explores the nature of access to ICT and how this affects students’ ability to access HE.

KEYWORDS:

• Access
• digital divide
• distance education
• intergenerational
• rural
• urban

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Developed countries are technologically advanced countries with a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita year of more than $12, 615. The economic criterion is industrialisation and a high Human Development Index (HDI). Available from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2014wesp_country_classification.pdf.

2. Developing countries are less technologically advanced countries with a GNI per capita year of less $1, 035. These countries have low living standards, less developed industrial base, and a low HDI. Available from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2014wesp_country_classification.pdf.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the (1) Newton Grant and supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (2) the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa [ES/P002161/1,UTSA160329161196].