Palaeoenvironmental implications of the giant crocodylian Mourasuchus (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae) in the Yecua Formation (late Miocene) of Bolivia

Abstract

Tineo, D.E., Bona, P., Pérez, L.M., Vergani, G.D., González, G., Poiré, D.G., Gasparini, Z.N. & Legarreta, P., 1.10.2014. Palaeoenvironmental implications of the giant crocodylian Mourasuchus (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae) in the Yecua Formation (late Miocene) of Bolivia. Alcheringa 39, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518

Outcrops of the Yecua Formation (late Miocene) are exposed for approximately 230 m along the La Angostura section of the Piraí River (50 km southwest of Santa Cruz de la Sierra). These reveal massive (argillic palaeosols) and laminated (quiet-water lacustrine and marsh settings) mudstones interbedded with thin sandstones containing microfossils, molluscs and vertebrate remains. Significantly, the succession hosts a giant crocodylian, Mourasuchus (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae), which is represented by both skull and postcranial fragments found in association with freshwater turtles and fishes. Mourasuchus was distributed widely from the middle Miocene of Colombia to upper Miocene of Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, suggesting connections between major fluvial systems and an active mechanism for dispersal of South American freshwater vertebrates during the Miocene.

David Eric Tineo [[email protected]] and Daniel Gustavo Poiré [[email protected]], CONICET—Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Calle 1 (644), B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; Paula Bona [[email protected]] and Zulma Gasparini [[email protected]], CONICET—División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; Leandro Martín Pérez [[email protected]] CONICET—División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; Gustavo Dardo Vergani [[email protected]]—Pluspetrol S.A. Lima (339), C1073AAG, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Gloria González Rigas [[email protected]]—Pluspetrol Bolivia Corporation SA, Av. Grigotá esq. Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; Pablo Legarreta [[email protected]]—Pluspetrol S.A. Lima (339), C1073AAG, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

沿Pirai 河的La Angostura剖面Yecua组（晚中新世）的露头出露大约230米（Santa Cruz de la Sierra西南50公里）。这些露头显现出大量的（泥质古土壤）和层压的（静水湖泊和沼泽环境）泥岩，与薄砂层互层，后者含微化石、软体动物和脊椎动物的遗迹。重要的是，这些地层含有一个大型鳄鱼Mourasuchus（短吻鳄科，Caimaninae），其代表物是与淡水龟和淡水鱼共存的头骨和颅后碎片。 Mourasuchus广泛分布于哥伦比亚的中新世中期到委内瑞拉、巴西和阿根廷的上新世，说明中新世时主要河流系统的连通，及南美淡水脊椎动物的扩散机制。

Key words:

• Crocodylia
• Mourasuchus
• Neogene
• Cenozoic
• Bolivian Sub-Andean
• Chaco Basin
• South America.

Acknowledgements

We especially thank Eleuterio Obando and partners of Geo-Ambiente Bolivia for sharing the discovery of the specimen and for their assistance in its extraction; Rodolfo Sánchez (Municipio de Urumaco), M. Reguero and A.L. Cione (MLP) and A. Kramarz and S. Alvarez (MACN) are thanked for allowing us to study comparative material; Leonel Acosta Burllaile restored the studied material, and Marcela Tomeo edited the figures. This study was supported by Pluspetrol Bolivia Corporation, YPFB (Bolivia) and CONICET (Argentina).