The present study describes the application of different solid-phase extraction techniques for the extraction, separation, and quantitative determination of 10 commonly used herbicides with different chemical structures (chlorsulfuron, diuron, bentazone, linuron, chlorpropham, fenoxoprop-ethyl, MCPA, diclofop-methyl, fluazifop-butyl, trifluraline) in water. Octadecyl (C18) Empore extraction disks, octadecyl (C18), and stryene divinylbenzene (SDB) Bond Elut Env cartridges were compared for solid-phase extraction efficiency. Herbicides were separated and quantified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) with simultaneous separation on two columns of differing polarity (C18 and CN) to confirm identification. Analytical separation was performed simultaneously on C18 and CN columns. Reanalysis of the sample extracts on a (cyano) CN column were used to confirm the identity of these compounds. Method optimization and validation parameters were presented in this work. Recoveries varied from 76.0% to 99.0% for C18 disks, from 75.1% to 100.0% for C18 cartridges, and from 54.0% to 98.0% for SDB cartridges over concentrations at 0.025–0.4 μg L−1. The limits of detection were 0.012–0.035 μg L−1.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University (1758/21122001).
Notes
aMCPA: 4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid.