Use of cholinesterase activity in monitoring chlorpyrifos exposure of steer cattle after topical administration

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic behavior and the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in steer cattle after pour-on administration. Determination of cholinesterase activity in plasma and erythrocyte was carried out according to Ellman kinetic method. CPF was analyzed by gas chromatography. AChE was the predominant form of cholinesterase analyzed, with low levels of BChE in plasma. Following the treatment with CPF, the maximum inhibitory effect on AChE or BChE were 50.88 ± 11.57 and 42.66 ± 12.01%, respectively. The chlorpyrifos plasma concentrations observed were low and they presented a high variability. Chlorpyrifos peak plasma concentration (10.42 ± 4.76 μ g/L) was reached at 8.42 ± 13.97 h. The pesticide was not detected in plasma after 48 h post treatment. The values of area under the curve (AUC) were 118.48 ± 87.46 μ g· h/L and mean resistance time (MRT) were 13.38 ± 10.41 h. The pour-on exposure to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos significantly reduced AChE and BChE activity in steer cattle and the recovery was not reached on 50 days post-treatment.

Keywords:

• Chlorpyrifos
• cattle
• acetylcholinesterase
• butyrylcholinesterase
• pharmacokinetic
• pour-on
• organophosphate pesticides
• esterase
• steer

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Mr. Santiago Cano for his advices Ms Cristina Martín-von Kauffmann for correcting the grammatical and typographical errors and the staff of the Servicio de Préstamo Interbibliotecario Facultad de Veterinaria for helping.

Notes

^a : Time to C _max .

^b : Peak plasma concentration.

^c : Area under the plasma concentration-time curve to the time of the last quantifiable concentration.

^d : Mean residence time.