Evaluation of a multiresidue method for pesticides in cereals using supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatographic detection

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated to be applied for residue analysis of 22 gas chromatography/electron capture detector-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/ECD-NPD) amenable pesticides in rice, wild rice and wheat. Samples were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at 200 atm pressure and 50°C temperature, using methanol as a static modifier. Mean recoveries obtained with the proposed SFE method at two spiking levels with four replicates per level are compared with those obtained with an ethyl acetate-based solvent extraction/gel permeation chromatography (GPC) clean up method. Both methods gave consistent high recoveries for almost all the pesticides from all the commodities with overall mean recoveries higher than 70% with relative standard deviations lower than 20%. Remarkable exceptions were captafol and dimethoate, for which low and/or non-reproducible recoveries were obtained with the SFE method. Residue levels determined with both methods in nine different incurred samples of wheat, containing some of the studied pesticides, were very similar, but, in all cases, slightly higher levels were determined with the SFE method.

Keywords:

• Supercritical fluid extraction
• pesticides
• cereals

Acknowledgments

Authors thank B. Ohlin and B.-G. Österdahl from the Swedish National Food Administration for their collaboration in this work. This research was supported by the Directorate General Science, Research and Development of the European Commission (Project SMT4-CT96-2046).

Notes

∗Except Captafol and Dimethoate.