Application of nanobalance technique and principal component analysis for detection of the soil fumigant Telone residues in the air

Abstract

Quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) technique is considered as a powerful mass sensitive sensor for monitoring of materials in the sub-nanogram level. In the current study, a method based on QCN technique developed to determine Telone in air. Various coating materials including methyl phenyl silicon, 75% phenyl (OV25) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were employed. The frequency shift of OV25-modified quartz crystal was found to be linear against organohalogen compounds [Telone (soil fumigant), Koril (Herbicide), Endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) and Chloroform (solvent)] concentrations in the range of 2.4 to 48 mg L⁻¹ for Telone vapor and 4.8–24 mg L⁻¹ for three other vapors. The correlation coefficients for Telone, Koril, Endosulfan and Chloroform were 0.992, 0.996, 0.989 and 0.991, respectively. The principal component analysis was also utilized to process the frequency response data of the organic vapors. Using principal component analysis, it was found that more than 93.85% of the data variance could still be explained by use of two principal components (PC1 and PC2). Subsequently, the successful discrimination of Telone and other compounds was quite possible through the principal component analysis of the transient responses of the OV25-modified electrode. In the second method, a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated sensor for Telone was developed. Molecularly imprinted polymer coated quartz crystal (MIP-QCN) showed a selective response to Telone and gave a linear relationship between frequency shift and amount of Telone from 1 to 48 mg L⁻¹. In this investigation, the proficiency of MIP-QCN and OV25-modified QCN sensors were compared.

Keywords:

• Environmental contamination
• quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN)
• Telone
• molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)
• principle component analysis (PCA)

Acknowledgments

This paper is a part of a research project supported by the university of Tabriz research affairs office. The authors are grateful to the University of Tabriz for financial supports.