Bioaccumulation of elements in three selected mushroom species from southwest Poland

Abstract

The contents of 16 minerals and trace elements (Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pt, Ti and Zn) were analyzed in edible mushrooms (Leccinum scabrum, Boletus edulis and Boletus badius) collected in southwest Poland. Content of Co, Ni and Pb was similar in all tested mushroom species, while content of Ag, Ca, Cd, Hg and Ti was significantly higher in B. edulis than in L. scabrum and B. badius. The largest differences between these species were observed for Fe and Zn accumulation. The highest contents of these elements were noted in B. badius bodies (202 ± 88 and 137 ± 24 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter, respectively), lower in B. edulis (131 ± 99 and 89 ± 26 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter, respectively) and lowest in L. scabrum. Differences in As, Cu and Cr content between tested species were observed mainly between L. scabrum and B. badius fruiting bodies. Content of Pt was below 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter). In the case of Mg and Mn accumulation, differences between B. edulis and B. badius were not observed (478 and 440 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter for Mg and 23 and 19 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter for Mn), and the results showed significantly higher content of these elements than in L. scabrum bodies (312 and 10 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter, respectively). It is worth underlining that clear accumulation shown by the bioconcentration factor (BCF>1) observed for all three mushroom species was noted in the case of elements Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn only.

Keywords:

• Accumulation
• elements
• mushroom
• Boletus edulis
• Leccinum scabrum
• Boletus badius

Funding

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support for part of the studies by project grant N N305 372538 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.