Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
Volume 51, 2016 - Issue 7
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ARTICLES

Determination of neonicotinoids in Estonian honey by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry

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Pages 455-464 | Received 19 Aug 2015, Published online: 06 Apr 2016
 

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive overview of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in honey samples for a single country and compare the results with the import data for neonicotinoid pesticides. The levels of four neonicotinoid pesticides, namely thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, were determined in 294 honey samples harvested from 2005 to 2013 from more than 200 locations in Estonia. For the analyzed honey samples, 27% contained thiacloprid, and its levels in all cases were below the maximum residue level set by the European Union. The other neonicotinoids were not detected. The proportion of thiacloprid-positive samples for different years correlates well with the data on thiacloprid imports into Estonia, indicating that honey contamination with neonicotinoids can be estimated based on the import data.

Funding

This work was supported by the Personal Research Funding Project 34 from the Estonian Research Council and by the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence “Mesosystems: Theory and Applications,” TK114).

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