Dissipation, half-lives, and mass spectrometric identification of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites on field-grown collard and kale

ABSTRACT

The persistence and fate of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon and the 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) break-down product were investigated on kale and collard leaves under field conditions. A simultaneous extraction and quantification procedure was developed for chrorpyrifos and its two main metabolites. Residues of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and TCP were determined using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Chlorpyrifos metabolites were detectable up to 23 days following application. Residues were confirmed using a GC equipped with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) in total ion mode. Initial residues of chlorpyrifos were greater on collard (14.5 µg g⁻¹) than kale (8.2 µg g⁻¹) corresponding to half-lives (T_1/2) values of 7.4 and 2.2 days, respectively. TCP, the hydrolysis product, was more persistent on collards with an estimated T_1/2 of 6.5 days compared to kale (T_1/2 of 1.9 days).

KEYWORDS:

• GC-MSD
• half-life
• metabolites
• chlorpyrifos oxon
• 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol

Funding

This investigation was supported by a grant from USDA/NIFA to Kentucky State University under agreement number KYX-10-13-48P.