Joint toxicity of two phytosanitary molecules, lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid, on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity of acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), individually and mixtures (Act-LCh mixture and Acer 35 EC®, 15 g/L of acetamiprid and 20 g/L of lambda-cyhalothrin) in African catfish juveniles (3.35 ± 0.75 g). The tests were conducted in the laboratory under semi-static conditions according to OECD Guideline 203. Mixture toxicity effects as a function of lethal concentrations were assessed using the additive index (AI) method. Acetamiprid with 96 h-LC₅₀ = 265.7 ppm can be considered to be nontoxic for this species. However, lambda-cyhalothrin was highly toxic to C. gariepinus with 96 h-LC₅₀ = 0.00083 ppm. Acer 35 EC^® was less toxic (96 h-LC₅₀ = 0.21 ppm) than the Act-LCh mixture (96 h-LC₅₀ = 0.043 ppm). Marked changes indicating nervous system damage were also recorded. An antagonistic effect was shown for lethal concentrations leading to 5 to 15% mortality in 96 hours (96 h-LC_5-15) while an additive effect was obtained for the 96 h-LC_20-50. The results indicate that ecological risk assessment of these molecules in aquatic environments should consider their contamination levels. Moreover, particular attention to behavior changes related to their neurotoxicity is recommended for additional monitoring of the negative effects of these insecticides.

Keywords:

• Combined toxicity
• acetamiprid
• lambda-cyhalothrin
• pesticide
• African catfish

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful to the Academy of Research and Higher Education, Commission for Development Cooperation (ARES-CCD, Belgium) for funding this work through the AquaTox-Benin project (PRD 2013-2018); University Studies and Research Center of Namur (CERUNA) of Namur University (Belgium) for granting a university research and residence allowance in Namur to the first author, and to students of LaRAEAq for their help.