Microbiological quality and determination of pesticide residues in the lettuce produced in Bahía Blanca's horticultural belt, Argentina

Abstract

The aims of this research were 1) to find out the possible microbiological contamination and residues of pesticides (chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) in lettuce grown in Bahía Blanca’s horticultural belt, and bacteriological quality of waters used for irrigation and post-harvest washing, 2) to investigate and compare the internalization capacity of a strain of Escherichia coli isolated from irrigation water with another hospital uropathogenic strain. Some strains of bacteria can internalize into the plant tissue. This capability presents food safety threats as they cannot be removed with standard sanitation practices. To determine bacteriological quality of lettuce, E. coli, Salmonella spp and E. coli O157: H7/NM (n = 10) were investigated. Bacteriological quality of water was determined by quantification of fecal coliforms/100 mL (n = 20). Pesticides were determined by using an improved and validated QuEChERS method combined with GC-MSD. Irrigation water in 19/20 samples did not present health risk. Bacteriological quality of lettuce met demands in 9/10 samples. Pesticides were detected in half of the samples, values exceeding the FAO recommendations. An effort is strongly recommended to implement both, best phytosanitary practices and monitoring programmes. Uropathogenic strain was able to internalize into plant tissue, while the nonpathogenic one was not.

Keywords:

• lettuce
• bacteriological quality
• irrigation waters
• Escherichia coli
• pesticides
• chlorpyrifos
• cypermethrin

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Science and Technology Secretary of de Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, which supported this study through grants.

Additional information

Funding

Science and Technology Secretary of de Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentine); project number 24/B 257.