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Abstract
Fermentation of Klebsiella pneumoniae was conducted using crude glycerol fortified with secondary paper mill sludge as a carbon source in 5 L fermenter. After 96 hours of fermentation, the fermented broth contained mostly microbial cells surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and other particulate residues from paper mill sludge and glycerol. When this fermented broth is used as it is, it is called broth EPS (B-EPS). When the fermented broth is centrifuged, the supernatant solution is separated from the rest of the microbial cells and from sludge residues. This supernatant is called Slime-EPS (S-EPS). Both types of EPS were used for treatment of landfill leachate. S-EPS showed better flocculation activity (85%) than B-EPS (70%). EPS was also used in combination of Al2(SO4)3 or FeSO4. The removal efficiency of COD with use of S-EPS combined with FeSO4 (more than 80% of COD removal) was higher than with S-EPS alone (48% of COD removal). Better results were recorded when S-EPS (0.015 g/L) was combined with FeSO4 (2 g/L) at pH 8. A remarkable reduction of the following parameters was recorded: COD (82%), total nitrogen (44%), phosphorus (50%) and removal of metals such as Ca (64.3%) and Mg (62.4%).
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant A4984) for financial support. The authors would like to thank INRS technicians for their assistance in ICP-AES.
Disclosure statement
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of authors. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals conducted by any of the authors. The author declares no conflicts of interest. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.