Combustion Study of Synergism of Urea-Sodium Polymetaphosphate on the Flame-Retardancy of a Cotton Fabric Monitored by TG

Abstract

The synergism of sodium polymetaphosphate- urea on the flammability of a cotton fabric (woven, plain 144 g/m², the number of yarns 21 per 10 mm) has been investigated in this study. After impregnation with suitable individual additives and/or their appropriate admixed formulation onto the fabrics, their flammability has been assessed by using the described procedure. In this study the flame spread tests comply with thermogravimetry's data. Explanation of the synergism with regard to the thermal analysis illustrated moderately effect of sodium polymetaphosphate to show flame-retardancy due to the confinement of phosphate's activity in the polymeric inorganic chain, however this effect increased by using urea.

Keywords:

• Chemical theory
• Condensed phase retardation
• Flammability
• Gas dilution theory
• Sodium polymetaphosphate
• Synergism
• Urea

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are grateful to Gilan University for financial assistance of this research project.

Notes

(a): Average of 5 tests for each set.

(b): Standard deviation.

(c): CB: completely burnt. FR: flame-retarded.

(d): Confirmatory tests using excessive amounts of the additives.

Note: For flame-retardancy samples, char length ≤2.0 cm.