Behavioral and Neurological Effects of Edaravone and Noscapine in Albino Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT

Objective

The purpose of the study was to explore Edaravone and Noscapine in anAlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model.

Methods

Morris Water Maze (MWM), Novel Object Recognition (NOR), andY-maze tests with TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, amyloid-β, CAT, SOD and MDAlevels were performed, followed by brain histology.

Results

On the probe trial, the MWM demonstrated a decrease in escape latencyfollowed by an increase in the target quadrant. The NOR showeddiscrimination and recognition index scores and Y-maze, revealed arise in spontaneous alterations. TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, amyloid-β, CATand MDA levels increased, while SOD levels dropped. The results werefound to be significant for combination full and half doses (***p <0.001, **p < 0.01). The treated group’s histology ofbrain revealed mild neurodegeneration with hippocampal pyknoticnuclei.

Conclusions

Thus, Edaravone and Noscapine can be used for thetreatment of AD.    

Abbreviations: AlCl3: Aluminium chloride; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ: Amyloid plaques; APP: amyloid precursor protein; BACE 1: Serum beta-secretase 1; GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β; CDK 5: cyclin-dependent kinase-5; NFTs: neurofibrillary tangles; ROS: reactive oxygen species; JNK: c Jun N-terminal kinases; MWM: Morris Water Maze; NOR: Novel Object Recognition (NOR); TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor -α; CAT: Catalase; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde.

Acknowledgments

We want to thank SVKM’s Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy (Vile Parle), for providing the necessary facilities for the successful execution and completion of the research work.

The authors are thankful to Dr Radhika Raheja, Mr Nirav Bhatia, Ms Rajeshwari Bale, Mr Pradyuman Prajapati and Mr Japneet Singh Purewal from SVKM’s Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, for suggestions and contributing in a critical revision of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical Statement

The experimental protocol was approved by CPCSEA (CPCSEA/IAEC/P-48 Dt 13/10/2021). All animal experiments have been performed by ARRIVE guidelines and U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments or the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978).

Credit Author Statement

Ms Mamsa Rumaiza Hafizur Rehman performed, analyzed and wrote the original draft. Mr Angel Godad and Dr Gaurav Doshi conceptualized, supervised and checked the research article.

Financial Support and Sponsorship

The authors are thankful for computational and infrastructural facilities provided by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, through their FIST program (SR/FST/College-054/2017).

The authors are equally thankful to the management of Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Mumbai, for financial support.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi through their FIST program [SR/FST/College-054/2017].