Publication Cover
The Serials Librarian
From the Printed Page to the Digital Age
Volume 79, 2020 - Issue 3-4: Grey Literature
460
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Issue: Grey Literature

Government Information: Readily Accessible yet Also Grey Literature

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 234-244 | Published online: 15 Dec 2020
 

ABSTRACT

Government information is a unique subset of grey literature. Often governments are the only source of information because they are the only entities that collect or create specific information, such as census data. Government information is usually categorized by level of government (local, state, federal, international), as well as by agency, and is often in the form of serials, such as annual reports. For the larger jurisdictions, there are often repositories or depository programs that index publications, but local government information often must be actively acquired. Currently, government information is published online. Some agencies are conscientious of their historical information and digitize and post older materials, but other agencies focus on access to current, born-digital information, and may not be archiving older material. There are several library community initiatives to combat grey government information. A couple of examples are the Federal Depository Library Program’s Lost Docs Reporting mechanism, and the End of Term Archive that collects federal websites at the change of each presidential term. These are at the federal level, and more needs to be done to index and preserve state, and especially local, government information. This is because issues such as copyright affect the accessibility and preservation of non-federal government information.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Bruce Neville and Angela Kent for their assistance on preparing this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. John Feather and Rodney Paul Sturges, International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2nd ed. (Taylor and Francis, 2003), 210.

2. Larry A. Thompson, “Grey Literature in Engineering,” Science & Technology Libraries 19, no. 3–4 (2001): 57–73, doi: 10.1300/J122v19n03_05.

3. Amanda Lawrence, “Electronic Documents in a Print World: Grey Literature and the Internet.,” Media International Australia 143, no. 1 (2012): 122–131, https://doi-org.srv-proxy2.library.tamu.edu/10.1177/1329878X1214300114.

4. Cynthia Etkin, “The U.S. Government Publishing Office: Keeping America Informed in the 21st Century and Beyond,” The Grey Journal (TGJ) 15, no. 3 (2019): 157–162.

5. Stephen Woods, Kathleen Phillips, and Andrew Dudash, “Grey Literature Citations in Top Nursing Journals: A Bibliometric Study,” Journal of the Medical Library Association 108, no. 2 (2020): 262–269, https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.760.

6. Kelly Farrah and Monika Mierzwinski-Urban, “Almost Half of References in Reports on New and Emerging Nondrug Health Technologies Are Grey Literature,” Journal of the Medical Library Association 107, no.1 (2019): 43–48, doi:10.5195/jmla.2019.539.

7. Matthew Bickley, Kayvan Kousha, and Michael Thelwall, “Can the Impact of Grey Literature be Assessed? An Investigation of UK Government Publications Cited by Articles and Books,” in 17th International Conference on Scientometrics & Infometrics, ISSI2019: Proceedings, eds. Catalano, G., Daraio, C., Gregori, M., Moed, H. F. and Ruocco, G., Volume II (Italy: International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics/Edizione Efesto, 2019), 1801–1812. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/622832.

8. Amanda Lawrence, John Houghton, Julian Thomas & Paul Weldon, “Where is the Evidence: Realising the Value of Grey Literature for Public Policy and Practice,” Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Melbourne, Australia (2014), 3. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2014-11/apo-nid42299.pdf.

9. U.S. GPO, “FDLP Mission, Vision, & Values,” https://www.fdlp.gov/about-fdlp/mission-history/fdlp-mission-vision-values.

10. Gwen Sinclair, “The Documents Expediting Project, 1946–2004,” DttP:Documents to the People 47, no. 2 (2019): 8–15, https://doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v47i2.7032.

11. The GPO changed from Government Printing Office to Government Publishing Office in 2014, https://www.gpo.gov/docs/default-source/news-content-pdf-files/2014/14news27.pdf.

12. James A. Jacobs, Born-digital U.S. Federal Government Information: Preservation and Access (Center for Research Libraries, 2014). https://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/d6/attachments/pages/Leviathan%20Jacobs%20Report%20CRL%20%c6%92%20(3).pdf.

13. U.S. GPO, “Sources of GPO Cataloging Records,” https://www.fdlp.gov/catalogingandclassification/sources-of-gpo-cataloging-records.

14. Martin Halbert, Katherine Skinner, Roberta Sittel, Deborah Caldwell, Marie Concannon, James R. Jacobs, Shari Laster, and Scott Matheson, PEGI Project National Forum Summary and Report (Atlanta, Georgia: Educopia Institute, 2019). https://educopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PEGIFinalForumSummaryandReport_formatted_20190417.pdf.

15. U.S. GPO, “Web Harvesting White Paper. V 1.0,” (2007), 23, 26–30. https://www.fdlp.gov/file-repository/about-the-fdlp/gpo-projects/web-harvesting/543-web-harvesting-white-paper.

16. Michael Halpern, “Why Was Climate Change Content Removed from the Department of Transportation Website?” Union of Concerned Scientists Blog, (December 19, 2018), https://blog.ucsusa.org/michael-halpern/why-was-climate-change-content-removed-from-the-department-of-transportation-website; Michael L. Nelson, “NTRS, Web Archives, and Why We Should Build Collections,” Web Science and Digital Libraries Research Group Blog, (March 23, 2013), https://ws-dl.blogspot.com/2013/03/2013-03-22-ntrs-web-archives-and-why-we.html.

17. Laura Sare, “Providing Access to Government Information: A Survey of the Federal Depository Library Community,” Collaborative Librarianship 10, no. 3 (2018): https://digitalcommons.du.edu/collaborativelibrarianship/vol10/iss3/5.

18. EDGI, “Archiving Data,” https://envirodatagov.org/archiving/.

19. U.S. GPO, “Lost Docs Reporting,” https://www.fdlp.gov/lost-docs-reporting-form.

20. HathiTrust Digital Library, “United States Government Documents Registry,” https://www.hathitrust.org/usdocs_registry.

21. U.S. GPO, “Notable Numbers,” (2019) https://www.fdlp.gov/about-the-fdlp/notable-numbers; U.S. GPO, “Federal Depository Library Program Web Archive,” https://archive-it.org/home/FDLPwebarchive.

22. End of Term Web Archive, http://eotarchive.cdlib.org/.

23. Library of Congress, “Executive Branch Federal Government Web Archive,” https://www.loc.gov/collections/executive-branch-federal-government-web-archive/; University of North Texas, “CyberCemetery,” https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/.

24. Genie Tyburski, The Internet Archive and the Search for Integrity, “Justia Virtual Chase,” https://virtualchase.justia.com/content/internet-archive-and-search-integrity/.

25. U.S. Department of Justice, “FOIA FAQ,” https://www.foia.gov/faq.html.

26. Daniel J. Sheffner, “The Freedom of Information ACT (FOIA): A Legal Overview,” Congressional Research Service Report R46238 (February 24, 2020), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46238.

27. “About MuckRock,” https://www.muckrock.com/.

28. TRAIL, “About TRAIL,” https://www.crl.edu/grn/trail/about-trail.

29. John P. Holder, “Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research,” Office of Science and Technology Policy (February, 2013), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ostp_public_access_memo_2013.pdf.

30. Mark D. Wilkinson et al., “Comment: The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship,” Scientific Data 3 (March, 2016), https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618.pdf?origin=ppub; Data Curation Network, https://datacurationnetwork.org/.

31. Responses to authors following email request for information for state publication distribution and indexing via GOVDOC-L on May 6, 2020.

32. 17 U.S.C. 105, “Subject Matter of Copyright: United States Government Works, “(2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2018-title17/pdf/USCODE-2018-title17-chap1-sec105.pdf.

33. Kyle K. Courtney, “The State Copyright Conundrum: What’s Your State Government’s Rule on Copyright?” College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 10 (November, 2018): 571, doi:https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.10.571; Brett Currier, Anne Gilliland, and David R. Hansen, “Copyright and Digitization and Preservation of State Government Documents: A Detailed Analysis,” Journal of Copyright in Education and Librarianship 1, no. 1 (2016): 3, https://www.jcel-pub.org/jcel/article/view/5915/5341.

34. Kristina Hall, “HathiTrust Copyright Review of State Government Documents,” DttP: Documents to the People 48, no.1 (Spring 2020): 21–23, https://journals.ala.org/index.php/dttp/article/view/7337/1009.

35. Irina Y. Dmitrieva, “State Ownership of Copyrights in Primary Law Materials,” Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal 23, no. 1 (2000): 83.

36. State of California, “California Legislative Information,” https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB884; Paul Fogel, “Thousands of Historical California Legislative Publications Digitized and Openly Available Online!” Perspectives from HathiTrust Blog, (September, 2018) https://www.hathitrust.org/blogs/perspectives-from-hathitrust/thousands-of-historical-california-legislative-publications.

37. Jordan S. Rubin. “Georgia Copyright Loss at High Court Could Jolt Many States (2),” Bloomberg Law (April 27, 2020) https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/georgia-loses-legal-code-copyright-clash-at-supreme-court; Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., U.S. Supreme Court slip opinion, 18–1150 (April, 2020) https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-1150_new_d18e.pdf.

38. Courtney, “The State Copyright Conundrum.”

39. State of Michigan, Records Management Services, Records Management Manual for Local Government (2019) https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dtmb/rms_Local_RM_Manual_640086_7.pdf.

40. Shari Laster and Aimee C. Quinn, “Capturing the Moment: Local Government Publications,” DttP: Documents to the People 44, no. 2 (Summer, 2016): 10–11, https://journals.ala.org/index.php/dttp/article/view/6068.

41. Cory L. Armstrong, “Providing a Clearer View: An Examination of Transparency on Local Government Websites,” Government Information Quarterly 28, no. 1 (2011):11–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.006.

42. Peter Conradie and Sunil Choenni, “On the Barriers for Local Government Releasing Open Data,”Government Information Quarterly 31, no. Supplement 1 (2014): S10-S17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.01.003.

43. Union of International Associations, The Yearbook of International Associations, https://uia.org/yearbook (accessed June 3, 2020.

44. Dag Hammarskjöld Library, “United Nations Deopository Library Programme,” https://library.un.org/content/united-nations-depository-library-programme

45. Jim Church, “The Embattled UN Depository,” DttP: Documents to the People 44, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 5–8, https://doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v44i3.6117.

46. Jim Church, “Dear International Organizations: Please Don’t Delete Your Data,” DttP: Documents to the People 46, no. 3 (2018): 4–7, https://doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i3.6825.

47. Publications Office of the European Union, “About Us,” https://op.europa.eu/en/web/about-us/who-we-are.

48. Government of Canada Publications, “About the Depository Services Program,” (2014), https://web.archive.org/web/20171206201403/http://www.publications.gc.ca/site/eng/programs/aboutDsp.html.

49. United Nations Shop, “Rights & Permissions,” https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions.

50. Publications Office of the European Union, “Copyright Notice,” https://op.europa.eu/en/web/about-us/legal-notices/publications-office-of-the-european-union-copyright.

51. UK Copyright Service, “UK Copyright Law” Fact sheet P-01. https://copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law; Copyright Act, Act No. 98, 1978, https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201504/act-98-1978.pdf

52. Amanda Wakaruk, “Reforming Crown copyright in Canada,” DttP: Documents to the People 48, no. 3 (2020): in press.

53. Copyright Act of 9 September 1965 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1273), as last amended by Article 1 of the Act of 28 November 2018 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 2014), https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_urhg/englisch_urhg.html.

54. Freedominfo.org, “Alphabetical and Chronological Lists of Countries with FOI Regimes,” (2017), http://www.freedominfo.org/?p=18223.

56. Brendan Asogwa and Ifeanyi Ezema, “Freedom of Access to Government Information in Africa: Trends, Status and Challenges,” Records Management Journal 27, no. 3 (2017): 333.

57. Carol A. Turner, Directory of Foreign Document Collections (New York: UNIPUB, 1985), v.

58. Turner, v.

59. Andrea Marie Morrison and Barbara J. Mann, International government information and country information: A subject guide. (Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004).

60. Ria Stoker and Barbara Kellerman, “The Online Cataloguing of Government Publications of Southern Africa at the State Library, Pretoria,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 18, no.3–4 (1994): 167–180, https://doi.org/10.1300/J104v18n03_11.

61. Peter J. Lor and Adri van As, “Work in Progress: Developing Policies for Access to Government Information in New South Africa,” Government Information Quarterly 19, no. 2 (2002): 101–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(02)00096-5.

62. Xuan Xu, “Government Publications in Chinese Academic Libraries,” In Academic Libraries in the US and China, eds. Hanrong Wang and Bethany Latham, (Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2013): 131–164.

63. Xiaomeng Zhang, “Public Access to Primary Legal Information in China: Challenges and Opportunities,” Legal Information Management 14, no. 2 (2014): 132–142.

64. Xu.

65. Zhang, 139.

66. U.S. GPO, “National Collection of U.S. Government Information,” https://www.fdlp.gov/about-the-fdlp/the-national-collection; Laurie Beyer Hall and Cindy Etkin, “The 5Ws + H and the National Collection of U.S. Government Publication,” 2019 Depository Library Conference, https://www.fdlp.gov/fall-2019-federal-depository-library-conference.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 263.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.