The Menstrual Cycle and Sexual Behavior: Relationship to Eating, Exercise, Sleep, and Health Patterns

ABSTRACT

Patterns of eating, exercise, sleep, and health were investigated across 180 menstrual cycles of 89 women who engaged in sex with a male (n = 45; cycles = 85), a female (n = 21; cycles = 37), or abstained from sex (n = 33; cycles = 58) from January 2005 to December 2007 (10 contributed to 2 groups). Cycles were divided into 5 phases based on their luteinizing hormone surges. Daily questionnaires and saliva for IgA and cortisol analyses were obtained. Women indicated that they ate more (p < .008) and did not sleep as well (p = .02) during their luteal and premenstrual phases. Participants were less likely to experience food cravings and did not satisfy their cravings when they were ovulatory (p < .001). Additionally, a greater proportion of lesbians skipped breakfast (p = .01) and exercised less than heterosexuals (p = .05). Sexually active women had lower cortisol and IgA levels than abstinent women (p = .02). Our study discovered, and confirmed, systematic differences in eating, sleeping, and health patterns across women's menstrual cycles.

KEYWORDS:

• Lesbian
• IgA
• cortisol
• alcohol
• food cravings and abstinence

Notes

¹Variable had 3 levels (1 = less than usual, 2 = about the same as usual, 3 = more than usual) and nuts/tofu has 3 levels (0 = none consumed, 1 = nuts or tofu consumed, 2 = both nuts and tofu consumed).

²Variable had two levels (0 = absence, 1 = presence).

³# of cravings and spices (range 0 to 5); health symptoms (range 0 to 4).

∗With more conservative tests this effect would not reach statistical significance.

¹Variable had 3 levels (1 = less than usual, 2 = about the same as usual, 3 = more than usual) and nuts/tofu has 3 levels (0 = none consumed, 1 = nuts or tofu consumed, 2 = both nuts and tofu consumed).

²Variable had two levels (0 = absence, 1 = presence).

³# of cravings and spices (range 0 to 5); health symptoms (range 0 to 4).

∗With more conservative tests this effect would not reach statistical significance.

∗With more conservative tests this effect would not reach statistical significance.