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FEATURE

Hydraulic Fracturing and Brook Trout Habitat in the Marcellus Shale Region: Potential Impacts and Research Needs

Ruptura hidráulica y el hábitat de la trucha de arrollo en la región de Marcellus Shale: impactos potenciales y necesidades de investigación

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Pages 4-15 | Published online: 22 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Expansion of natural gas drilling into the Marcellus Shale formation is an emerging threat to the conservation and restoration of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations. Improved drilling and extraction technologies (horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing) have led to rapid and extensive natural gas development in areas overlying the Marcellus Shale. The expansion of hydraulic fracturing poses multiple threats to surface waters, which can be tied to key ecological attributes that limit brook trout populations. Here, we expand current conceptual models to identify three potential pathways of risk between surface water threats associated with increased natural gas development and life history attributes of brook trout: hydrological, physical, and chemical. Our goal is to highlight research needs for fisheries scientists and work in conjunction with resource managers to influence the development of strategies that will preserve brook trout habitat and address Marcellus Shale gas development threats to eastern North America's only native stream salmonid.

RESUMEN

El crecimiento de las actividades de perforación de gas natural en la formación Marcellus Shale es una amenaza emergente para la conservación y restauración de las poblaciones nativas de la trucha de arroyo (Salvelinus fontinalis). La perforación más eficiente y las tecnologías de extracción (perforación horizontal y ruptura hidráulica) han facilitado el rápido y extensivo desarrollo de esta industria a las áreas que comprende la región Marcellus Shale. La expansión de las rupturas hidráulicas representa múltiples amenazas a las aguas superficiales, que pueden estar asociadas a atributos ecológicos clave que limitan las poblaciones de la trucha de arroyo. En la presente contribución se expanden los modelos conceptuales actuales que sirven para identificar tres fuentes potenciales de riesgo entre las amenazas a las aguas superficiales asociadas al creciente desarrollo del gas natural y los atributos de la historia de vida de la trucha de arroyo; atributos hidrológicos, físicos y químicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer notar las necesidades de investigación para los científicos pesqueros y trabajar junto con los manejadores de recursos para influir en el desarrollo de estrategias tendientes a preservar el hábitat de la trucha de arroyo; así mismo se atienden las amenazas que representa el desarrollo de la industria del gas natural para el único salmónido nativo de América del norte.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Bill Fisher for his encouragement and support for this project. Alex Alexiades, Christian Perry, T. J. Ross, Kelly Robinson, and Geoff Groocock reviewed earlier versions of the manuscript and provided comments on the conceptual model. Tara Moberg provided helpful comments on the hydrology section. Sarah Fox and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions that greatly improved this article. Mark Hudy graciously supplied GIS coverages of predicted brook trout population status. Alessandro Farsi and Miles Luo took the cover photographs.

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